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Ing. Jonáš Jirků

2020, Atmosphere, 11 (6), ISSN 2073-4433

The paper summarizes exhaust emissions measurements on two diesel-electric locomotives and one diesel-hydraulic railcar, each tested for several days during scheduled passenger service. While real driving emissions of buses decrease with fleet turnaround and have been assessed by many studies, there are virtually no realistic emissions data on diesel rail vehicles, many of which are decades old. The engines were fitted with low-power portable online monitoring instruments, including a portable Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrometer, online particle measurement, and in two cases with proportional particle sampling systems, all installed in engine compartments. Due to space constraints and overhead electric traction lines, exhaust flow was computed from engine operating data. Real-world operation was characterized by relatively fast power level transitions during accelerations and interleaved periods of high load and idle, and varied considerably among service type and routes. Spikes in PM emissions during accelerations and storage of PM in the exhaust were observed. Despite all engines approaching the end of their life, the emissions per passenger-km were very low compared to automobiles. Tests were done at very low costs with no disruption of the train service, yielded realistic data, and are also applicable to diesel-hydraulic units, which cannot be tested at standstill.

2017, EAC 2017 - European Aerosol Conference, GAEF)

Exhaust emissions were measured on 1100 kW and 1460 kW diesel-electric locomotives and a 588 kW diesel-hydraulic motor car during regular scheduled passenger service. It is not feasible to measure exhaust flow directly. It can be estimated from engine data or by other means & verified. Instrument choice is restricted by relatively severe constraints. Combination of on-road and stack (stationary) testing instrumentation & approaches. This study: Calculated exhaust flow & verification of calculations MiniPEMS: NO, NO2, CO, CO2, estimated PM (similar also used by Graver, North Carolina State Univ. in U.S.) FTIR: Additional gaseous pollutants N2O,CH4,NH3… NanoMet: Non-volatile particle number emissions Key findings: Even emissions from engines near the end of their useful life were, per passenger, comparable to newer diesel automobiles. It is expected that emissions will decrease with retrofit/repower/replacement using low-emissions diesel technology, proven on heavy-duty on-road vehicles

2017, OVZDUŠÍ 2017 BRNO 10.–12. 4. 2017 PROGRAM A SBORNÍK KONFERENCE, Brno, Masarykova univerzita), p. 128-132), ISBN 978-80-210-8544-2

Práce se zabývá technikou měření výfukových emisí hnacích motorů drážních vozidel během jejich běžného provozu, s cílem rozšířit měření za provozu zavedené legislativou pro silniční vozidla na nesilniční motory s výkonem nad 560 kW. Dvě dieselelektrické lokomotivy a jeden dieselhydraulický motorový vůz byly osazeny přenosnými aparaturami vlastní konstrukce, kterými byly měřeny emise částic a oxidů dusíku během běžného provozu na trati Praha – Tanvald. Poslední testovaná lokomotiva byla rovněž osazena pokročilou aparaturou pro měření počtu částic a emisí amoniaku, oxidu dusičitého, formaldehydu a dalších rizikových látek a skleníkových plynů metanu a oxidu dusného. Všechny tři testované motory vykazovaly i přes vysoké kilometrické proběhy relativně nízké emise částic a oxidů dusíku, které byly v přepočtu na sedadlo a kilometr srovnatelné s novějšími automobily.

2017, 21th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Niederrohrdorf, TTM A.Mayer)

Particulate matter from local heating appliances and internal combustion engines is one of the leading causes of premature deaths in many urban areas, as particles are small, carcinogenic, and are distributed at nearly the ground level. Particle emissions from on-road vehicles have been successfully reduced, at least in wealthier regions, by the widespread introduction of particle filters. Legislation targeting especially very small and very large non-road engines has been lagging. Targeting of large - over 560 kW – engines has been also difficult due to longevity of the engines and due to very limited and rather expensive options for laboratory testing. This study summarizes results and experiences with on-rail tests of two diesel electric locomotives and one diesel hydraulic motorized car, which were fitted with portable on-board monitoring instrumentation and their emissions were measured during regular scheduled operation on passenger train service to demonstrate the feasibility of such approach and to establish a baseline.