People
Ing. Marko Šidlovský

2023, 2023 Smart City Symposium Prague, New York, IEEE Press), p. 1-4), ISBN 979-8-3503-2162-3, ISSN 2691-3666

Transportation data are naturally graph-oriented. All our everyday transit decisions are based on oriented paths from A to B in graph topology without us consciously realizing that. So why do we still look at transportation domain data as transaction data, pushing them into relational databases and losing graph analytics opportunities given to us for free? Let's leverage the full potential of transportation data with graph theory, state-of-the-art graph databases, and fast graph algorithms. The paper aims to propose the usage of a modern NoSQL graph-oriented database in the transportation domain. Our goal is to create a transportation knowledge graph: a network of real-world interconnected entities organized in layers. Layers of data from various transportation domains are linked together following the geographical attributes of nodes mapped to the open-street map layer. The ability to see multiple transportation data in one interconnected network is crucial for our next analytical stage. Knowledge graph structure encourages us to analyze the system and solve centrality, pathfinding, or similarity challenges. To demonstrate the application of our approach, we use the PageRank algorithm to explore geographical heat spots based on start and end rides data from student carsharing Uniqway. Uniqway is carsharing made by students of Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU) and Prague University of Economics and Business (VŠE) for university students and employees. Knowledge graph presents a general structure, and future work can go deeper in various fields such as optimization or machine learning.

2023, 32nd Aachen Colloquium Sustainable Mobility 2023, Aachen, RWTH Aachen), p. 1-9), ISBN 978-3-00-076758-6

In 2015, three Prague universities together with Škoda Auto started a student project on finding a sustainable concept of a car-sharing service. In 2018 the service entirely designed, developed and operated by students went into life under its own brand name - Uniqway. It overcame harsh covid seasons and proved capability of return to pre-covid numbers in just two weeks after the covid restrictions were abolished. However, at the beginning 2023 the service was suspended by its investor Škoda Auto Digilab. The explanation for such step was project's business unsustainability. The proposed paper summarizes outcomes of the project, which outline several aspects of sustaina-ble car-sharing service, though they were not applied in Uniqway. Whole project had been focused primarily on university students as they are perceived as the most susceptible to new services and technologies, and apparently, they usually don't own a car. Hence, similar age group usually forms majority of users in all car-sharing services. Such group can easily accept life without own car and their transport behavior can widely influence the optimization of transport system as a whole, thus thrusting its sustainable restructuring. The paper presents multiple topics in Uniqway car-sharing project including the service and technology development, vehicle fleet and drop-off locations, financial aspects and non-financial benefits. However, the general goal is relatively simple - sustainable ser-vice can be explained as there are no leftovers when a part of the service reaches its end-of-life. In car-sharing the main component is a vehicle. Car-sharing services usu-ally adopt similar model as car rental companies, thus selling used cars at the right moment. Such approach leaves a vehicle in the system. The paper applies the expe-rience and data gained in Uniqway project and focuses on processes related to holistic sustainability of a road transport system where car-sharing plays a significant role.

2022

Předmětem zpracované zprávy je analýza dopadů pandemie COVID19 na carsharingové aktivity s důrazem na projekt univerzitního carsharingu UNIQWAY. Vlastní výzkumná zpráva zahrnuje vyhodnocení fungování carsharingu v obecné rovině a dále pak v kontextu reálného carsharingového projektu UNIOWAY. Jsou identifikovány změny v oblasti chování uživatelů v době před vypuknutím pandemie a následně v období vlastní pandemie. Identifikovány jsou klíčové změny a determinanty těchto změn. Následně je specifikována strategie orientovaná na schopnost přizpůsobit se vlivu pandemie na fungování carsharingových aktivit a to zejména ve vztahu k aktivitám vyvíjeným pro potřeby univerzitní komunity.

2022

Předmětem zpracované zprávy je analýza dopadů ekonomické nejistoty (válka na Ukrajině, zdražování pohonných hmot a energií, vysoká inflace) na carsharingové aktivity s důrazem na projekt univerzitního carsharingu UNIQWAY. Vlastní výzkumná zpráva zahrnuje vyhodnocení fungování carsharingu v obecné rovině a dále pak v kontextu reálného carsharingového projektu UNIQWAY. Jsou identifikovány změny v oblasti chování uživatelů v době po skončení pandemie pandemie COVID 19 a v následujícím období ekonomické nejistoty vyvolané válkou na Ukrajině, související vysokou inflací a zdražováním pohonných hmot a energií. Identifikovány jsou klíčové změny a determinanty těchto změn. Následně je specifikována strategie orientovaná na schopnost přizpůsobit se vlivu nepříznivé ekonomické situace na fungování carsharingových aktivit a to zejména ve vztahu k aktivitám vyvíjeným pro potřeby univerzitní komunity.

2021, European Journal of Operational Research, 294 (1), p. 29-41), ISSN 0377-2217

This paper addresses a project scheduling environment in which the activities are partitioned among a set of agents. The project owner is interested in completing the project as soon as possible. Therefore, she/he defines rewards and penalties to stimulate the agents to complete the project faster. The project owner offers a per-day reward for early project completion and defines intermediate project milestones to be met within specific due dates, with associated per-day penalties. Each agent can, therefore, decide the duration of her/his activities, taking into account linear activity crashing costs, the reward for early project completion, and the penalty arising from violating milestone due-dates. We consider Nash equilibria, i.e., situations in which no agent has an interest in individually changing the duration of any of her/his activities, and in particular, the problem of finding a minimum-makespan equilibrium. This problem is known to be NP-hard, and in this paper, we (i) propose a new and efficient exact algorithmic approach for finding the minimum-makespan equilibrium and (ii) through an extensive computational campaign we evaluate the role played by milestones in driving the project towards the owner’s goal.

2021, Proceedings of the FISITA 2021 World Congress, London, FISITA - International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies), ISBN 978-1-9160259-2-9

When we try to have a clear look at the evolution of transportation, we could see bright beginnings with shady todays. Many governmental organizations, institutions, technological companies, and even NGOs are trying to deal with current challenges in transport, mostly resulting in costly congestions. Moreover, almost everybody is expecting the change will be instant. A scientific view of the topic cannot be that simple. The current world of transport offers many data-based socalled solutions dealing with congestions. Furthermore, we have new transport devices, a smaller, efficient, single purpose. Last but not least, old technological tools are being transformed by a new approach to the relation between the transportation provider and its user. We can see navigation apps enhanced with real-time traffic data promoting selfish behaviour leading to the devastation of calm neighbourhoods and local roads by directing high traffic through such places. History of narrow city streets is thwarted by huge shared bicycles waiting for their next rider or blocked by piles of e-scooters. Hence, the environment is adapting to these novelties. Often it is performed in the most convenient way, not in an optimal manner. One of the new approaches to old types of transport is carsharing – the user still drives a car by himself, but he does not own the vehicle. It is expected that the current global vehicle fleet of private cars could be reduced almost by 30% if proper carsharing systems are widely adopted. However, proper adoption and time to achieve it are the most significant challenges. The average lifecycle of a single-vehicle ends after ca. twenty years of service. Technologies, that allowed the rise of carsharing exist and have widely penetrated the market in the last few years, even though carsharing itself is known since ca. the 1950s. Therefore, if we would like to observe the real benefit of carsharing, we need to wait until the lifecycle of at least 30% of vehicles will end, while the carsharing is highly available to anybody anywhere. It could be a very long time. On the other hand, current trends in ownership show a different approach to the new generations. Some of the studies doubt the longevity of their alternative attitude, as the needs change with age, family life, employment, etc. Nevertheless, dealing with the young generation, such as students, means dealing with people without a car and relatively low income. Thus, on the one hand, it is an excellent opportunity to reduce the number of stationary vehicles on the streets in the future, but it is a tough challenge in promoting relatively expensive service. Project Uniqway is a carsharing service entirely developed and operated by students with the financial support of ŠKODA AUTO. The student team's limited capacity and focus on development resulted in heavy deployment automation and migration from

2020, Young Transportation Engineers Conference 2020, Praha, Fakulta dopravní), p. 36-42), ISBN 978-80-01-06793-2

The trend of sharing economy in services of micromobility brings the opportunity of a combination of individual and public transport. Sharing cars and scooters with public or intercity transport offers the possibility of planning longer trips outside cities. It also brings a solution to the last mile problem. The university carsharing Uniqway is a project of three Prague universities. With the support of universities and ŠKODA AUTO, the students provide service of sharing cars in Prague. The fleet counts 23 cars now and traveled more than 550 000 kilometers. The article aims to describe collecting, processing, and analysing data in the sharing means of transport and practical illustration of their realisation.