Lidé na fakultě
Ing. Miroslav Vaniš, Ph.D.

2024, Applied Sciences, 14 (20), ISSN 2076-3417

In the field of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITSs), the traditional approach to testing often emphasizes technological parameters, leaving the validation of message content insufficiently addressed. Since the content of these messages is crucial for the correct functioning of C-ITS, this article demonstrates the potential for automated evaluation of C-ITS message content against relevant standards. It leverages our novel tools, Karlos and C-ITS SIM, to facilitate this process. Through detailed laboratory testing and data analysis, the study showcases the effectiveness of these automated solutions in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of message content validation.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2024, 2024 Smart City Symposium Prague - IEEE PROCEEDINGS, New York, IEEE Press), ISBN 979-8-3503-6096-7, ISSN 2831-5618

In recent years, the concept of smart cities, along with autonomous transportation, has emerged as a significant focal point for researchers, urban planners, and technological innovators. This growing interest is driven not only by technological advancements but also by the pressing need to address current urban mobility challenges such as congestion, air pollution, and the necessity to enhance road safety. Autonomous trams, as a pivotal element of intelligent urban transportation systems, offer a promising pathway towards more efficient, safer, and sustainable urban mobility.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2024, The Lawyer Quarterly, 14 (2), p. 198-217), ISSN 1805-840X

In the dynamic realm of autonomous mobility, understanding legal protection for databases is crucial. The upcoming article focuses on key aspects in this area. It clarifies fundamental concepts, including both sui generis and copyright safeguards. Additionally, it outlines important characteristics for assessing potential legal protection. The article also introduces a unique set of coefficients, making complex legal concepts more tangible. This innovative approach offers makers concrete insights into their database’s level of legal protection. By combining theoretical understanding with practical application, the article equips makers in the autonomous mobility sector to implement effective strategies for securing legal protection. Furthermore, the article will delve into simplified typologies of databases within autonomous systems. It will also provide a step-bystep illustration of how to determine the degree of legal protection for these databases. This process will include supplementary information aimed at refining the assessment of legal protection, offering makers the necessary guidance for accurate decisions. Through this comprehensive approach, the article aims to provide makers with practical tools to navigate the complex landscape of database legal protection efficiently.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném databází Scopus cizojaz.

2024

Tato souhrnná zpráva analyzuje kybernetické hrozby a zranitelnosti tunelových systémů jako součásti kritické dopravní infrastruktury. Popisuje architekturu tunelových systémů, metodologii analýzy rizik a hodnotí klíčová aktiva z hlediska důvěrnosti, integrity a dostupnosti. Zaměřuje se na aktuální kybernetické hrozby, zranitelnosti a možnosti jejich zneužití, přičemž navrhuje mitigace a ochranná opatření. Dokument je určen pro odborníky na kybernetickou bezpečnost a správce tunelových systémů, aby zvýšil jejich odolnost vůči kybernetickým útokům.

Výzkumná zpráva v češtině

2023, Symmetry, 15 (7), ISSN 2073-8994

The article presents a novel algorithm for merging Bayesian networks generated by different methods, such as expert knowledge and data-driven approaches, while leveraging a symmetry-based approach. The algorithm combines the strengths of each input network to create a more comprehensive and accurate network. Evaluations on traffic accident data from Prague in the Czech Republic and accidents on railway crossings demonstrate superior predictive performance, as measured by prediction error metric. The algorithm identifies and incorporates symmetric nodes into the final network, ensuring consistent representations across different methods. The merged network, incorporating nodes selected from both the expert and algorithm networks, provides a more comprehensive and accurate representation of the relationships among variables in the dataset. Future research could focus on extending the algorithm to deal with cycles and improving the handling of conditional probability tables. Overall, the proposed algorithm demonstrates the effectiveness of combining different sources of knowledge in Bayesian network modeling.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2023, The Lawyer Quarterly, 13 (4), p. 388-407), ISSN 1805-840X

This paper introduces the issue of personal and non-personal data in autonomous vehicles. Its main objective is to provide a procedure for determining the processed and retained data, to explain the current legal regulation that must be met, and to propose appropriate recommendations for each data category. Current law (and the regulatory framework which it has produced) generally distinguishes between two basic types of data, i.e. non-personal data and personal data. The phenomenon that a combination of several pieces of non-personal data may, under certain circumstances2, result in processing of personal data, which is subject to significant regulation, is not limited solely to the field of autonomous mobility. This paper deals with data classification in autonomous vehicles, focusing on the challenging cases of non-personal data that can turn into personal data. The initial stage involves identifying the data to be processed, followed by the classification of the identified data. Based on this classification, relevant legal obligations and recommendations are described. The primary objective of this article is to provide guidance to data administrators (or, to use the terminology of data protection laws, data controllers) in autonomous mobility, enabling them to identify data and take appropriate measures to ensure compliance with legal regulations. The ultimate aim is to ensure that data controllers adhere to legal requirements, a goal that is critical for all data controllers. Beyond that, this article should be relevant also for other stakeholders in the autonomous mobility ecosystem, such as vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers, software application and service providers, and others.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném databází Scopus cizojaz.

2023

Tento dokument shrnuje podstatnou právní regulaci dopadající na oblast autonomní mobility a stejně tak relevantní výkladovou praxi ze strany příslušných institucí. Z těchto poznatků následně čerpá při návrzích doporučení legislativního rázu cílených na klíčové hráče na poli autonomní mobility.

Výsledek promítnutý do schvál. strateg. a koncepčních dokumentů

2023, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 15 (1), p. 8-22), ISSN 1939-1390

Currently, the number of vehicles in road traffic is increasing, which enhances the variety of traffic situations and needs related to road traffic and safety. A cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) can improve road safety and benefit drivers and traffic participants. The C-Roads specification defines many different use cases for informing road vehicles about speed limits, impending danger, road work, signalized intersections, and more. In this article, we propose a new use case targeting the need for Integrated Rescue System services to slow down or stop selected vehicles that are violating rules. Unlike most use cases in C-Roads, in our case, it is not enough to only notify the driver’s vehicle; it must also be slowed down or stopped completely. This intervention requires addressing issues from a technical and a procedural/legal point of view. In this work, we define the use case itself, following the templates of the specification in C-Roads. Then, we discuss the issues in terms of secure communication between vehicles and privacy. We also analyze existing protection security techniques against typical cybersecurity attacks and privacy countermeasures. Next, we propose a system architecture concerning appropriate C-ITS messages and communication between vehicles and present an onboard diagnostics simulator implementing the proposed architecture for the core needs of a given use case. Furthermore, we create a practical demonstrator of our proposal based on real vehicle components. Finally, we discuss open research questions and the ongoing development of the use case before the application on the Internet of Vehicles.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2023, 2023 Smart City Symposium Prague, New York, IEEE Press), ISBN 979-8-3503-2162-3, ISSN 2691-3666

The volume of data streams in different areas of the smart city concept, e.g. robust IT connectivity or efficient urban mobility, has been ballooning in recent times, and yet, the issue of how to protect this data is remaining on the margin of attention. Several possible approaches may be taken to data protection, which arise from different perspectives. The most well-known of these is the much-mentioned General Data Protection Regulation, dealing with the protection of personal data. Data is generally stored in a space called a database, i.e., a tool for collecting and organizing data. As far as databases are concerned, there is a separate approach to their protection which may be directly associated with the design of the database and/or its contents. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with insight into this issue with respect to specific databases within the field of autonomous mobility. In addition, this article includes a proposal as to what characteristics selected databases should have that affect their possible protection, and the conclusions to be derived from this.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2022, 2022 Smart City Symposium Prague (SCSP), Vienna, IEEE Industrial Electronic Society), ISBN 978-1-6654-7923-3, ISSN 2691-3666

Today’s roads resemble a large anthill, in which countless cars are constantly on the move. There is a human behind the steering wheel of every vehicle, but assistance systems become popular in recent years. Until 20 years ago, a car was a completely practical mechanical device without any embedded electronic systems. Recently, we have seen these systems constantly evolving, and being installed in every new vehicle, which is progressively leading to autonomous vehicles.This is fully in line with the concept of smart cities, where one of its areas is defined as intelligent mobility, where autonomous vehicles belong.These vehicles already generate a huge amount of data. This article defines the current legal framework regarding data in autonomous vehicles. These data are then presented and the classification based on the degree of data personality is suggested. The last part of the article is the design of software that will help manufacturers and administrators with data protection issues.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2022

Tento dokument obshauje doporučení, jak by se mělo platné právo dále rozvíjet a zohledňovat současné výzvy a specifika systémů autonomních vozidel s ohledem na ochranu osobních údajů, neboť v současné době jsou některé právní předpisy značně nejednoznačné nebo s fungováním těchto systémů neumějí pracovat. V dokumentu jsou uvedena doporučení, co by se mělo změnit a budou navrženy i konkrétní právní předpisy, kde by k dané změně mělo dojít.

Výsledek promítnutý do schvál. strateg. a koncepčních dokumentů

2022

Součástí tohoto dokumentu je návrh legislativních doporučení pro rozvoj zpracování včetně uchovávání neosobních dat v inteligentních dopravních systémech a autonomním řízení . Kromě toho je také provedena identifikace klíčových oblastí právní úpravy, vč. konkrétních právních předpisů.

Výsledky promítnuté do právních předpisů a norem

2022

Soubor doporučení vychází z provedených analýz a představuje klíčový dokument pro zhodnocení povahy, rozsahu a způsobu zpracování včetně uchovávání neosobních dat v různých etapách vývoje a provozu inteligentních dopravních systémech a autonomním řízení.

Výsledek promítnutý do schvál. strateg. a koncepčních dokumentů

2021

V tomto dokumentu jsou uvedeny dopravní a provozní data a jejich rozsah, která jsou zpracovávána a uchovávána v rámci systémů autonomního řízení ve 3 oblastech zpracování: data uvnitř systému autonomního vozidla; data v komunikačních sítích a aktivních prvcích; data v koncových bodech, tj. dalších vozidlech, inteligentní infrastruktuře apod.

Výzkumná zpráva v češtině

2021, 2021 Smart City Symposium Prague, Piscataway, IEEE Signal Processing Society), ISBN 9780738131580

Nowadays, when new technologies are being developed and people are looking for smart solutions, the field of automation and digitization grows faster and faster. The demand on the telecommunications is increasing in economy, healthcare as well as in the transportation. The transportation systems are facing the challenge of smart infrastructure, autonomous vehicles, and its connectivity. The requirements for these systems lie mainly in safety, interoperability and sustainability, especially in the area of cooperative transport systems (C-ITS). This article focuses on a possible approach to test and evaluate C-ITS, threats that have to be ruled out in future, possibilities to ensure connectivity among the vehicles and infrastructure in C-ITS. For these purposes, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) and its laboratory Certilab develop special procedures based mainly on the C-ITS SIM tool. This tool ensures validation and verification of C-ITS messages and its interoperability among all equipment. This paper also reviews the already developed applications and proposal of the functionalities that should be implemented for the testing as well as the examples of real usage of the developed tool in testing the communication of C-ITS messages.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2021, Applied Sciences, 11 (20), ISSN 2076-3417

In the area of smart cities, great emphasis is placed on many different fields such as energetics, information systems, and transportation. All of these should lead to a simplification of life thanks to smart technologies. If we talk about the transportation field, the main issues related to this area are safety, traffic efficiency, or the environment. Another condition is the successful acceptance of any new technology by its users. Cooperative systems prove to be a suitable solution for these issues, especially in urban areas. Today, pilot implementations of cooperative systems in European countries are being carried out. However, before they are put into full operation, they need to be tested, evaluated, and assessed. This article focuses on the latter two points, i.e., evaluation and assessment of the cooperative systems. For this purpose, a methodology was created, which describes the procedure chosen in the evaluation and assessment of cooperative systems in the Czech Republic and a demonstration of its use by example. The methodology is focused on three main areas, which in this case are functional evaluation, user acceptance, and impact assessment. For the area of user acceptance, the main source was questionnaires, impact assessment relied on measured data while functional evaluation was based on discussions with the drivers, evaluating the cooperative systems, the measured data, and the expert observations. All collected and measured data were then processed and some of the results of the evaluation of the selected service are presented at the end of this article.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2020, Journal The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, p. 1889-1894), ISSN 1476-7058

Objective: To assess the plausibility of using the continuous glucose monitoring as a sole source of data for the screening of the neonatal hypoglycemia. Study design: Infants of mothers with diabetes were screened for neonatal hypoglycemia (less than 2.5 mmol/l after 4 h of life). Initial measurement was performed using point of care analyzer. We applied continuous glucose monitoring system subsequently. Infants were monitored up to 5 days or until discharge. Results: Out of 32 infants 11 had postnatal hypoglycemia resolved within 12 h of life. Two infants had hypoglycemia found due to continuous glucose monitoring after 24 h of life when sufficient feeding was established and they did not show any signs of hypoglycemia. We did not have any false negative measurements. No infant showed clinical signs of neonatal hypoglycemia. Conclusions: Continuous glucose monitoring is plausible and safe to use for screening of neonatal hypoglycemia. It operates well within the range that is accepted as safe for neurodevelopment. In addition, it can be used after first day of life where regular screening ends. Limitation of this method is possible alarm negligence of caregivers.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2020, 2020 Smart City Symposium Prague, New York, IEEE Press), ISBN 978-1-7281-6821-0

Nowadays, when a traffic flow increases extremely and cities are more and more congested by vehicles, the information about unexpected events (use-cases) occurred during travels has a big added value. Some of the use-cases are currently defined and can be directly sent to a driver via C-ITS messages. This is crucial in the field of smart cities because there is an effort to reduce emissions, to decrease traffic accidents and make traffic safer, fluent and efficient. Before the whole C-ITS system will be deployed, there is a need to evaluate itself. This paper provides general information about a model of the system and its parts as well as methods for testing and technical evaluation primary based on the log-analysis of the C-ITS communication.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2019, Sexual Medicine, 7 (2), p. 217-226), ISSN 2050-1161

Introduction: More sexual problems are reported among people treated for diabetes; however, this situation is less explored in women than in men. Aim: To analyze the presence and causal links of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) among Czech women treated for type 1 diabetes. Methods: 40 women completed a national version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale-revised (FSDS-R), and Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). A metabolic and endocrine analysis was done using blood samples. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v. 24 and the R environment.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2018, Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 20 (8), p. 524-530), ISSN 1520-9156

BACKGROUND: To improve insulin pump therapy results, a special test for patients was devised. The model successfully used to achieve a license to operate different machines was followed. METHODS: The test (a practice and a full run, with a time limit) contained 42 questions, each with four optional choices, and could be answered online. Patients could familiarize themselves with the whole question pool first. Patients could repeat a full run attempt if they failed and were offered focused remedial education. The study group composed of adults, 46 females, and 54 males, all treated for type 1 diabetes, 38/100 newly introduced to insulin pump therapy. RESULTS: Eighty-five of 100 patients successfully completed their first full run attempt (80% or higher correct answers) and 3 of 100 on their second full run attempt; 12 of 100 patients were not able to succeed. The median of the test score was 2 mistakes (range 0-17 mistakes). The most problematic topics were diet and insulin regimens and their application. The crucial factor influencing the test score was the willingness to try practice run(s). Those who practiced had a significantly higher total test score with better results in 5 of 8 tested knowledge domains. Age and diabetes existing >15 years had an impact on the result, too. Both patients' and caregivers' opinions on the test were predominantly positive (or neutral). CONCLUSIONS: The type of test introduced is a good tool for checking a patient's theoretical knowledge and indirectly revealing a patient's level of motivation.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2018, Young Transportation Engineers Conference 2018, Praha, Fakulta dopravní), p. 53-61), ISBN 978-80-01-06464-1

Bayesian networks are one of the most suitable tools for traffic accident data analysis. A well-designed and trained Bayesian network is the first assumption for obtaining good results. Two sources of information can be used for this purpose. They are information extracted from measured historical data and also information specified by an expert. The latter one can also involve some generally known rules or knowledge based on traffic regulations or safety rules. Mostly, only one of these sources of information is used. After training the network can be evaluated with standard methods based on likelihood or prediction error evaluation. The goal of this paper is to show that if two Bayesian networks are created, e.g. one from the data and second from the expert knowledge, they can be merged into one which joins the objective information from data with the subjective opinion from expert and which has better evaluation than the original ones.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2018, Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 20, p. A130-A130), ISSN 1520-9156

Abstrakt v časopisu

2017, Proceedings of Seminar Programs and Algorithms of Numerical Mathematics 18, Praha, Matematický ústav AV ČR, v. v. i.), p. 89-96), ISBN 978-80-85823-67-7

A key element of microscopic traffic flow simulation is the so-called car-following model, describing the way in which a typical driver interacts with other vehicles on the road. This model is typically continuous and traffic micro-simulator updates its vehicle positions by a numerical integration scheme. While increasing the order of the scheme should lead to more accurate results, most micro-simulators employ the simplest Euler rule. In our contribution, inspired by [1], we will provide some additional details that have to be addressed when implementing higher-order numerical integration schemes for CFMs and we will show that the theoretical gain of higher-order methods is unfortunately masked out by the stochastic nature of real-world traffic flow.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2017, 2017 Smart Cities Symposium Prague (SCSP) - IEEE PROCEEDINGS, New York, IEEE Press), ISBN 978-1-5386-3825-5

As we can all experience in our daily life, the traffic in the cities grows quickly, which, unfortunately, means also that the number of accidents grows, too. We try to find causes of accidents that happen for systematic reasons as we perceive eliminating such systematic errors as one of primary goals of smart cities idea. This paper deals with the accident data analysis using Bayesian Networks and conditional probability functions. We try to examine independence between variables in data sample in order to work with data of considerably large dimension. Our approach includes determining the structure of a Bayesian Network basing on a data sample and then utilizing computed probabilities in order to eliminate insignificant relations. We also use conditional probability functions to identify significant dependences basing only on data set. Finally we compare results obtained by both methods and use Goodman and Kruskal's lambda coefficient for confirming their accuracy.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2014

Předkládaná zpráva dokumentuje zpracování dvou dílčích cílů projektu, jejichž zpracování bylo vázáno na období červenec-prosinec 2014. Zpráva je členěna do sedmi kapitol. Kapitola „Projekty pro hendikepované a pro routing“ je rešerší probíhajících či ukončených projektů, které se nějakým způsobem dotýkaly navigace hendikepovaných. Kapitola „Analýza stávajících podkladových dat“ se věnuje mapovým podkladům, které mají prvky pro pěší navigaci, podává rozbor datové sady StreetNet z pohledu rozšíření o prvky pro hendikepované a popisuje existující zdroje informací o jevech důležitých z pohledu hendikepovaných. Kapitola „Software a hardware pro navigaci hendikepovaných“ se zabývá analýzou existujících navigačních jednotek pro hendikepované. Věnuje se také možnostem využití open source řešení pro navigaci a syntézu hlasu. Kapitola „Mapování bezbariérovosti“ rozebírá existující legislativu používanou při tvorbě bezbariérového prostoru a věnuje se existujícím a vznikajícím metodikám mapování bezbariérovosti. Kapitola „Uživatelé a jejich požadavky na datový model a routování“ podává podrobnou klasifikaci uživatelských skupin a jejich požadavků na pohyb a orientaci v prostoru. Na základě těchto požadavků jsou definovány základní prvky obsahu navigační mapy a shrnuty základní požadavky uživatelů na routing. Kapitola „Dotazníkové šetření“ dokumentuje dotazník, který byl distribuován komunitě hendikepovaných s cílem zjistit spokojenost a dostupnost navigačních systémů a zjistit další potřeby uživatelů týkající se funkcionality navigačních přístrojů.

Výzkumná zpráva v češtině