Lidé na fakultě
Ing. Michaela Kalivodová

2024, New Trends in Civil Aviation: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on New Trends in Civil Aviation 2024, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 147-152), ISBN 978-80-01-07181-6, ISSN 2694-7854

This study focuses on the influence of specific sound frequencies on pilot psychophysiological condition within a simulated cockpit environment. Conducted using a flight simulator, the study involved fifteen male pilots with an average of 175 flight hours. The experiment consisted of three key phases: a hearing test, a familiarization flight, and the experimental flight where specific sounds within the 498 Hz to 4000 Hz range were played at 64 dB. These sounds, typical of cockpit noise, were integrated into flight scenario to assess their physiological impact on pilots, monitored via electrocardiograms and focused on heart rate variability, respectively. Also, subjective data were collected using questionnaire. The results suggest, that the specific noise can negatively affect pilots' psychophysiological conditions, increase perceived workload and decrease comfort.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2022, 2022 New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD), Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), p. 76-80), ISBN 979-8-3503-2036-7

Negative factors affecting the flight safety need to be counteracted by measures based on an understanding of the nature of the problem. Due to the fact that visual illusions are considered a factor capable of endangering the safety of the crew and passengers, it is necessary to understand the mechanics of their creation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the device able to induce specific visual illusion by the means of moving perspective that could be used as a support during the efforts to understand the mechanism of such illusions. The mirror system with variable speed of movement is designed to induce a change of perspective and thus postural destabilization of the subject. Proposed device was tested in the experiment involving postural stability measurements in the form of centre of pressure monitoring using the balance board as the indicators of sucesfull illusion induction. The results does not confirm the ilussion induction. However, the effect of mirror movement direction is observed.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2022, 2022 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA), Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 135-139), ISBN 978-80-01-06985-1, ISSN 2694-7854

The subject of the study “Research of the Employment in Air transport in the Czech Republic” is to analyze employment in the aviation with an emphasis on its contribution to the Czech Republic. In the context of employment, this study deals with the position of air transport in relation to the transport industry and the whole market in the Czech Republic. The main aim of this study was to find out how many people work in the aviation, what is the development of employment in aviation over time, but also to compare employment in the aviation versus the transport industry and the whole market in the Czech Republic. This study used quantitative analysis, which helped to fulfill another goal of this study, namely, to analyze the efficiency of employment in aviation. In air transport, the following quantities were found: the number of employees, average monthly gross salary, total turnover and its effect on gross domestic product, turnover per employee, total profit and profit per employee, the ratio of labor costs to turnover, profitability, and efficiency of employees. The source of data on the transport sector or the market in the Czech Republic was mainly the database of the Czech Statistical Office. In general, it can be said that air transport follows the development trend of the entire market. During the research period (2014–2018), growth in the number of employees, average gross monthly wages, total profit, and thus profitability in the aviation industry was recorded. Still, the share of air transport in the gross domestic product also grew. Air transport thus contributes not only to the level of employment and thus also to the general well-being of people but also contributes to the creation of GDP, which indicates the performance of the economy of the entire Czech Republic.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2021, Proceedings of the “Transport Means 2021”, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 715-720), ISSN 1822-296X

Presented article deals with the problematics of operation on more than one type under air operator certificate operations. Multi-type operations have always been often discussed. It is a subject where two fundamental aspects of commercial aviation come into a clash. On one side, the financial requirements of operators always strive to lower operating costs. Thus, an increase in the flexibility of flight crew planning and the lowering of crew training costs can be a strategic win for the company. On the other side lie the safety requirements laid down by the controlling authorities, which play a significant role in protecting the passengers, people on the ground, and the crew. The text focuses on the legislative, operative, and safety problems tied with operations on more than one type. Basic operational restrictions and procedures are laid down according to the European regulations. This article considers the two types for multi-type operations: the Cessna Citation Model 680 Sovereign and Model 700 Longitude. These aircraft belong to the same category of mid-size business jets and remarkably similar in dimensions, performance, and cabin configuration. It is thanks to these similarities that these two types seem to be ideal candidates for multi-type operations. The differences of both aircraft will be examined and analyzed. The safety study is based on the differences observed between the two types. The safety study identifies and evaluates individual hazards and risks of multi-type operations on the C680 and C700. The methodology and process used for the safety study are based on the operator's safety management manual. Operational restrictions and procedures are defined. Among these restrictions, we can find crew planning restrictions, standard operating procedures for the flight crew, and a syllabus draft for additional differential training on both types. The text also suggests procedures for continual safety monitoring during operations on more than one type.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2021

Cílem projektu bylo vytvoření konceptu měření, analýzy a vyhodnocení psychofyziologické kondice pilotů jako potenciálního indikátoru selhání v závěrečné fázi přiblížení a přistání na letišti, s hlavním ohledem na analýzu variability srdečního rytmu, kvantifikaci EEG a modelování vizuální percepce. Koncept cílil na zvyšování bezpečnosti letecké dopravy tím, že umožní vyhodnocení psychofyziologické kondice a kognitivních schopností posádky ve fázi letu, která patří mezi nejrizikovější a nejvíce náchylné na nedostatky leteckého personálu. Dosažení konceptu umožní další zlepšování úrovně provozní bezpečnosti v letectví pomocí snížení rizika souvisejícího s jednotlivými úkony při přistání na letišti. Pro tyto účely byl vytvořen simulátor, který je schopen prostřednictvím virtuální reality simulovat let se společným sledováním pohybu očí ve scéně a sběr fyziologických dat. Výzkumná zpráva ukazuje na aktivity spojené s realizací tohoto zařízení, předzpracování zaznamenaných dat/signálů, jejich význam, způsob interpretace těchto dat a v neposlední řadě nastavení experimentálních měření a jejich evaluaci. Projekt probíhal od 06/2019 do 05/2021. V rámci řešení projektu vzhledem k pandemii Covid-19 neměl řešitelský tým kontinuální přístup na pracoviště a nebylo tak možné realizovat některé aktivity v plném, zamýšleném rozsahu. Tato situace trvala od 03/2020 do 03/2021 a dopadla především na měření zahrnující lidské subjekty, jejichž realizace nebyla možná vůbec nebo za velmi omezených podmínek. I přes uvedené problémy, vynaložil řešitelský tým značné úsilí pro úspěšné ukončení projektu a splnění všech závazků s ním spojených.

Oponovaná výzkumná zpráva v češtině

2020, ISBN 978-80-01-06793-2

Sborník z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2019, 2019 Konference - 25 let Fakulty dopravní, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 72-74), ISBN 978-80-01-06545-7

Předložený článek představuje Laboratoř lidského faktoru a automatizace v letectví, která je jedním z vědeckých pracovišť na Ústavu letecké dopravy, FD ČVUT v Praze. Studium lidského faktoru v letectví je ve vědecké komunitě známé již několik dekád. Neustálý technický pokrok a výzkum v této oblasti však stále přináší nové otázky a výzvy. Laboratoř má snahu monitorovat nové trendy v diskutované oblasti a zapojovat se do výzkumných aktivit reflektujících současné požadavky ne jen na letecký personál. Článek stručně popisuje nejvýznamnější výzkumné aktivity laboratoře spolu s navázanými spolupracemi.

Stať ve sborníku z fakultní konference česky

2019, TRANSPORT MEANS 2019 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 835-840), ISSN 1822-296X

During the flight, pilots are influenced by surrounding stimuli such as environment, gravity, mental state, et cetera, which may affect (in a negative way) the safety of flight. Standard evaluation methods of physiological parameters are used to monitor the pilot's state. The most commonly monitored and evaluated parameter is heart rate because it reflects the regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Based on the knowledge of evaluation of time series consisting of time intervals between two consecutive heartbeats, the spectrum analysis is used in specific frequency bands. Inter alia, such time series are evaluated in a time domain, or by nonlinear methods. Standard spectrum analysis or other nonlinear methods, however, do not contain time information. In other words, it is necessary to apply these analyses on time windows gradually scanning received signal which limits using these methods for real-time evaluation of the psychophysiological condition. This paper discusses the Wavelet Transform being it a method for processing the heart rate variability as it is/seems a perspective method for online monitoring of pilots' psychophysiological state. Measurement of subjects was conducted on a flight simulator and in the aircraft as well. Obtained knowledge might positively affect monitoring pilots in training by adjusting the training according to their specific needs.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Military Technologies, Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), ISBN 978-1-7281-4593-8

Presented article focuses on support and creating of supporting indicators for Evidence-Based Training, Specific orientation lays on assessment of pilot’s performance and heart rate assessment that may indicate psychophysiological condition of pilot. Method of experimental measurements included two groups (Gr. A and Gr. B) of ten subjects that completed simulator training and flight training on real airplane. Influencing factor for transition from analogue to glass cockpit layout was implemented for both groups where one group completed preparation for the transition (Gr. B) and the other did not (Gr. A). Results demonstrate that precision of piloting technique during final phase of training raised within Gr. B compare to Gr. A, however, rANOVA tests revealed that mean heart rate was almost same for both groups across the training phases. In addition to these facts, significant correlation was detected between subjective and exact assessment of pilot precision which together with other presented results represents the fact that pilot performance assessment could be done mainly by monitoring of pilot precision and correctness of performed lessons and manoeuvres. Presented research brings another possibilities for development of pilot training as well as to data-driven training.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, TRANSPORT MEANS 2019 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 1197-1202), ISSN 1822-296X

Since the beginning, aviation has been exposed to the risk of threats of unlawful acts, such as attacks, hijacks, or bomb attacks. The priority of current safety systems is to eliminate the risk of possible unlawful acts to critical infrastructure. However, tightening the net of security checks has a downside - individuals or organizations execute the act of violence even before the baggage security check done by mainstream spectroscopic methods. Thus, airport terminals with large crowd concentration are becoming a perfect target for terrorists to attack. A factor contributing to forming a crowd is a thorough, time-consuming security check. In a short time, the crowd concentration rapidly increases in an unsecured perimeter and as such, is an easy target. Man-made explosives, as well as several military, industry or difficult to access, have a common component - ammonia. Bombs could be made by various forms of ammonia, like ammonium nitrate, chloraminȩ or a compound of ammonia and aluminum oxide. For that reason, the detection of ammonia present in airports becomes a frequently discussed topic among aviation security experts. The paper aims to create a concept of the sensory network able to monitor in 2D or localize a source of ammonia trace elements. The proposed idea is intended to use in airports, but the concept is also applicable in places where a noninvasive and contact-less passenger or baggage security check is needed.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Military Technologies, Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), ISBN 978-1-7281-4593-8

The aim of the article is to present a software design for the design and adaptation of flight routes and spaces, or respectively, of the Air Traffic Control sectors. Presented system uses the means of virtual and augmented reality. The functional and non-functional requirements that led to the software design of the introduced system were defined. Functionality has been verified by a partial implementation in C# language. With regard to real visualization in 3D, the future use of the system in air traffic control training is intended. There are also several visions of the future that could fairly change the air traffic control rules. Therefore, it is also intended to make the system flexible enough to be expanded for further applications.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, 2019 Konference - 25 let Fakulty dopravní, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 102-105), ISBN 978-80-01-06545-7

Tento článek se zaměřuje na představení Ústavu letecké dopravy FD ČVUT v Praze. Charakterizuje jeho vědecko-výzkumnou a výukovou činnost. Představuje jednotlivé projekty a laboratoře, které v rámci Ústavu letecké dopravy kooperují, a které se podílejí na řešení význačných výzkumných projektů v rámci ČR i EU. Jsou zde také představeny jednotlivé úspěchy, kterých bylo dosaženo pod záštitou ÚLD a také vize a výhled do budoucích činností kolektivu Ústavu letecké dopravy.

Stať ve sborníku z fakultní konference česky

2018, Young Transportation Engineers Conference 2018, Praha, Fakulta dopravní), ISBN 978-80-01-06464-1

Advisory procedures are meant to be simple operation procedures based on the use of GNSS when flying under VFR, without degrading flight safety. To prove that procedural steps or predetermined manoeuvres are beneficial for pilots, it´s done underwent a series of testing. It was used observation of physiology parameters to obtain quantitative values of the level of psychical condition on testing subjects during VFR flight on simulator with and without GNSS in use, to determine if proper usage of GNSS decreases workload of pilots. The study was attended by 9 students of the Department of Air Transport, CTU in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences. The measured data was collected in the form of bio signals using the VLV-LAB system. For the purposes of evaluating the psychophysiological status of the pilots, a heart rate record was chosen as the main indicator – heart rate variability (HRV), i.e. duration of each R-R interval. Measured data was evaluated by standard methods in the time domain. All measured subjects had a decrease (meanHR), respectively increase (meanRR) of given parameters in with-GPS measurements compared to without-GPS measurements.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2018, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 6 (4), p. 12-18), ISSN 1805-7578

Due to increasing safety standards in air transport, the emphasis is put on human factors in this domain. This regards especially the improvement of piloting precision during flight training and the elimination of internal and external influences with negative effect on pilots. This paper is focused on evaluation of pilot’s psychophysiological state during flight training on a simulator and in an aircraft and also on pilot’s reaction on transfer from analogue to digital visual presentation of avionic data. The best indicator for evaluating human’s psychophysiological condition could be a heart rate because of its descriptive activity of human heart and its psychophysiological character based on sympathovagal balance of autonomic nervous system. In this paper heart rate frequency is measured by FlexiGuard biotelemetry mobile device and by a Garmin c chest belt. This paper is oriented towards description and comparison of the most common methods for physiological parameters assessment, i.e. time and frequency domain analysis and non-parametric methods analysis. The paper also describes a wavelet transform. The results show that not every parameter resulting from each analysis could be a good indicator describing pilot’s stress. Results also show which parameters might work as good indicators of pilot’s stress – those are LF/HF ratio and parameters measured by wavelet transform. Best way to define pilot’s stress on simulators in real time indicates to be wavelet.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně