Lidé na fakultě
doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.

2025, The Aeronautical Journal, 2025 (1), ISSN 2059-6464

The presented research investigates the impact of interference on the performance of aircraft Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with a specific focus on the behaviour of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) position quality indicators. Several experiments were performed with different aircraft types, such as Airbus, Boeing, Beechcraft King Air B350 or Tecnam, and using various intensities of GNSS jamming. The behaviour of various quality indicators, such as the Navigation Integrity Category, Navigation Accuracy Category, Source Integrity Level and System Design Assurance transmitted in different types of ADS-B messages, is analysed. We investigate not only situations where the quality indicators drop to zero, but also the complete evolution of the changes in the indicators as a function of the increasing power of the jamming signal. Based on the analysis of changes in the ADS-B quality indicators, the estimation of the most likely interference signal power required to discontinue the tracking of an already acquired GPS L1 Coarse/Acquisition signal is made. Additionally, the interference signal power to prevent re-acquisition is also estimated. The findings improve the understanding of interference effects and can support the development of robust interference mitigation techniques in aviation applications.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2025, Procedia Computer Science, Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V.), p. 2635-2644), ISSN 1877-0509

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are a critical source of precise positioning, navigation, and timing across various sectors of critical infrastructure, including transportation, energy, and telecommunications. Despite their widespread use, GNSS systems remain vulnerable to both artificial interference and natural disruptions such as space weather. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the main threats associated with GNSS, detailing their potential impacts on different sectors. In addition to cybersecurity risks, the article also examines environmental factors like solar flares and geomagnetic storms, which can degrade GNSS performance. Specific vulnerabilities in sectors such as aviation, maritime, and industrial automation are analyzed, alongside the probability of occurrence and the varying effects of these risks. Finally, the paper outlines mitigation strategies and identifies future research directions aimed at enhancing the resilience of GNSS-reliant systems.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2024, Transportation Research Procedia, Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V.), p. 108-117), ISSN 2352-1465

This paper considers the use of ADS-B data to create more accurate, bottom-up airport emission inventories. For this purpose, a sample ADS-B dataset covering one day of operations at Prague's Václav Havel Airport is used. Within the data, individual airport movements are identified, the emissions of which are computed using specific time-in-mode values of the Landing and Take-Off (LTO) cycle that had been previously estimated for each movement based on the data. These are then compared with emissions computed using the standard time-in-mode values, both in terms of the different emission species as well as the four operating modes of the standard LTO cycle (Approach, Idle, Take-Off and Climb-Out). The results show that, after using the movement-specific time-in-mode values, the total calculated emissions decreased by at least 20 percent for all of the considered emission species, with the largest percentage changes occurring for hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and within the Idle and Climb-Out operating modes, highlighting the benefits of utilizing real data for this purpose.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2024, New Trends in Civil Aviation: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on New Trends in Civil Aviation 2024, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 213-218), ISBN 978-80-01-07182-3, ISSN 2694-7854

The paper investigates the impact of spoofing in the form of meaconing on the performance of aircraft Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver and ground mobile positioning transmitter that is commonly used for tracking of non-transponder equipped targets on the airport's surface. The interference scenarios were twofold, first consisting of GNSS L1 meaconing with increasing power levels and second with GNSS L1 jamming followed up by meaconing. The impact was investigated by analysing the changes in positional information and position quality indicators transmitted by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast System. Due to the high dependence of aviation on the use of Global Positioning System, meaconing represents a serious security risk. Thus, the knowledge of the resilience of individual systems is key information in specifying response procedures and countermeasures.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2024, Infrastructures - Open Access Journal, 9 (1), ISSN 2412-3811

We present a comprehensive methodology for a two-step approach to address the task at hand. The first step involves the optimal placement of charging stations, while the second step focuses on determining the necessary capacity of the charging stations based on traffic factors. This methodology is applicable to countries, states, or specific areas where the placement and optimization of charging stations for truck road transport are being considered. We identify the key inputs required for solving such a task. In the results section, we demonstrate the outcomes using a model example for the Czech Republic.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném databází Scopus

2024, Applied Sciences, 14 (8), ISSN 2076-3417

Contrails created by aircraft are a very hot topic today because they contribute to the warming of the atmosphere. Air traffic density is very high, and current forecasts predict a further significant increase. Increased air traffic volume is associated with an increased occurrence of contrails and induced cirrus clouds. The scientific level of contrails and their impact on the Earth’s climate is surprisingly low. The scientific studies published so far are mainly based on global models, in situ measurements, and satellite observations of contrails. The research is based on observations of contrails in flight paths in the vicinity of Děčín and Prague, and the collection of flight and meteorological data. It focused on the influence of the meteorological situation on the formation of persistent contrails. The collected data on contrails and meteorological variables were statistically processed using machine learning methods for classification models. Several models were developed to predict and simulate the properties of contrails as a function of given air traffic and meteorological conditions. The Random Forests model produced the best results. Dependencies between meteorological conditions, formation, and contrail lifetime were found. The aim of the study was to identify the possibility of using available meteorological data to predict persistent contrails.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2024, New Trends in Civil Aviation: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on New Trends in Civil Aviation 2024, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 197-202), ISBN 978-80-01-07181-6, ISSN 2694-7854

This paper explores the potential of refining the Landing and Take-off (LTO) cycle originally defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) through the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data. In this paper, a methodology is developed to automatically analyze ADS-B data within the ASTERIX data format in order to estimate the duration of the take-off roll of individual airport movements, hence improving the time duration parameter of the take-off phase of the LTO cycle. By employing ADS-B data complemented by crowd-sourced aircraft databases, the paper also offers insights into the variations of take-off roll time among various aircraft types. The results show that using ADS-B data provides a good picture of actual operating conditions at the airport, thus enabling more accurate calculations of emissions within the LTO cycle and contributing to an improved understanding of the extent of environmental impacts of aviation activities at airports. This research contributes to the advancement of LTO cycle analysis, emphasizing the necessity of using real data in order to enhance its accuracy.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2024, Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, ISSN 0969-6997

The future development of aeronautical navigation foresees an infrastructure rationalization of radionavigation aids with the aim of maintaining only the Minimum Operational Network, which brings benefits in terms of operational cost savings, promotes sustainability and optimal use of the radio spectrum. To ensure that the necessary navigation performance is preserved, the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) plays a significant role, as DME/DME navigation is a short-term contingency solution when Global Navigation Satellite System is unavailable. Therefore, new DME ground stations are put into operation even though other navigation aids are being decommissioned at the same time. This paper addresses a question of possible DME network rationalization by developing a software model using a combination of a rule-based model, approximating of airborne DME interrogators interacting with DME ground transponders, with the implementation of the Gradient Boosting Regression to predict load of DME ground stations. The model is validated by comparing the results with the real load data obtained from an Air Navigation Service Provider. Several test cases are performed to evaluate the capability of the European DME network, simulating a reduction in the number of en-route DME stations and increases in air traffic using clustering methods. The results show that the ground station load limit was rarely reached, demonstrating the robustness and the potential for rationalization of the DME infrastructure.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SSCI

2024, Sborník příspěvků 22. mezinárodní vědecké konference „Měření, diagnostika, spolehlivost palubních soustav letadel“, Brno, Univerzita obrany, Fakulta vojenských technologií), p. 115-121), ISBN 978-80-7582-515-5

Článek popisuje chování letadlového přijímače GNSS a mobilního mechanizačního prostředí vybaveného SQUID v prostředí kde je vysílán falešný signál GNSS (meaconing). Během popisovaných experimentů se podařilo u obou zařízení podvrhnout jejich polohu. V článku je diskutována potřebná úroveň meaconing signálu kdy ke změně polohy došlo. Dále je v článku rozebrána dopad spoofingu signálu na ADS-B parametry kvality, které letadlo i SQUID vysílají pomocí.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. česky

2023, Transportation Research Procedia - INAIR 2023, Linz, Elsevier BV), p. 161-172), ISSN 2352-1465

The article quantifies the emissions-related impacts of introducing battery-powered tractors for aircraft handling. It outlines various scenarios based on the extent of tractor utilization and compares emissions produced by aircraft engines that could be saved through the use of emission-free tractors, with the amount of emissions generated during electricity production. The case study focuses on the Czech Republic's environment and Václav Havel Airport Prague.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2023, SUSTAINABILITY, 15 (11), ISSN 2071-1050

In an industry beset by economic and environmental crises, air transport, the safest and most efficient long-haul mode of transport, is confronted daily with multi-criteria challenges to improve its environmental performance. The formation of contrails through the emission of water vapor and condensation nuclei in what are actually dry and clean atmospheric layers represents one of the most unpredictable, or measurable, environmental impacts of air traffic. Following the bottom-up principle to evaluate individual contrails in order to derive recommendations for trajectory optimization, not only the calculation of the radiative forcing of the contrails but also the modeling of their life cycle is burdened with uncertainties. In former studies for modeling the microphysical life cycle of contrails based on a 3-D Gaussian plume model, the atmospheric conditions, specifically the turbulence, were often unknown and had to be considered as a free input variable. In this study, an innovative photographic method for identifying and tracking contrails in Central Europe, connected with database access to Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data (i.e., aircraft type, speed, altitude, track, etc.), and a combination of measured and modeled weather data are used to validate the contrail life-cycle model (i.e., the assumed Gaussian plume behavior). We found that it is challenging to model the position of ice-supersaturated layers with global forecast models, but they have the most significant impact on the contrail lifetime. On average, the contrail's lifespan could be modeled with an error margin of 10%. Sometimes, we slightly underestimated the lifetime. With the validated and plausible contrail life-cycle model, we can apply the climate effectiveness of individual contrails with higher certainty in trajectory optimization and compare it, for example, with economic aspects such as delay costs or fuel costs.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2022, 2022 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA), Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 75-80), ISBN 978-1-6654-5190-1

This article analyses European aviation safety reports submitted in reaction to occurrences involving laser attacks on aircraft in the period from 2016 to 2022. It discusses the data available for identifying trends in the use of laser pointers aimed at flying aircraft. The identification of the properties of such devices is a key prerequisite to the development of detection technology enabling law enforcement forces to locate the source of transmission endangering air traffic. Such technology, once developed, is expected to increase the number of prosecuted events in order to discourage future offenders and limit the amount of such occurrences. From the data presented in the article, it can be concluded that there is one prevailing laser colour being widely used, green, and that the devices used to target aircraft are much more powerful than those laser devices that are expected to be sold without restrictions to the general public.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2022, Sustainability — Open Access Journal, 14 (23), ISSN 2071-1050

The impact of contrails on Earth’s climate is probably not negligible, yet there are only a few initiatives aimed at mitigating the influence of aviation on the environment. To achieve zero CO2 emissions, aircraft manufacturers and airlines propose complex and costly methods and technologies such as synthetic fuels, hybrid engines, or expensive carbon offsetting. On the other hand, contrail mitigation by achievable operational measures has the potential to achieve benefits with a very positive cost-benefit ratio without the need for a complex technological change in aviation. It seems that one suitable tool for contrail mitigation is the change in flight level. Therefore, we focused on the assessment of flight levels with typical contrails occurrence and common flight levels used by air traffic management. Some influence of tropopause height throughout the year was presumed to be a factor, therefore we studied different times of the year. The tropopause height influences not only contrail occurrence but also the preferred flight level, as airlines tend to avoid flying directly in the tropopause. We present some basic statistics about the frequency of contrail occurrence based on flight level. We focused on long-lived contrails to emphasize the more important contrails in this context. Information about flight levels is based on ADS-B data transmitted by aircraft and recorded on a ground station near the place of contrail occurrence, which was based on optical survey.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2022, 2022 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA), Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 69-73), ISBN 978-1-6654-5190-1

This paper dissertates about utilization of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) parameters Navigation Accuracy Category for Position (NACp) and Navigation Integrity Category (NIC) for possible identification of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming. GNSS jamming poses a high-security risk not only for aviation. ADS-B transmitted from most of the aircraft brings a possibility to use the ADS-B to identify the presence of GNSS jamming. Therefore, aircraft are used as detectors to identify jamming presence with wide area coverage. A method for GNSS jamming detection using the correlation of NACp and NIC ADS-B parameters is presented in this article. The results of applying this method on multiple real datasets are shown and discussed.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2022, Transportation Research Procedia, Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V.), p. 52-59), ISSN 2352-1457

This paper dissertates about the influence of space weather event from September 2017 on parameters NAC and NIC in ADS-B messages. Space weather have potential to influence GNSS navigation. Especially in the aviation, where we depend on th GNSS more. Therefore we examined the influence of solar flares on the aviation navigation system of commercial aircraft. We used data broadcasted by ADS-B system during the most severe space weather event. Parameters NAC and NIC describe the level of reliability of the aircraft position information based on the GNSS. Therefore, they might be partially used as sensors of any irregularities in GNSS signal. We focus on these parameters during one of the most severe solar flare in recent years to establish if there is any observable influence of the space weather on these parameters. We were able to prove that even during this severe flare that there was no degradation in the availability of the GNSS.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2021, Transportation Research Procedia, Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V.), p. 253-259), ISSN 2352-1465

This paper dissertates about the importance of electricity price for the possible introduction of electric solutions in aviation. Electric motors start to play a significant role in plans for the decarbonization of air transport. In the field of single engine aircraft, there are first certified types and even legislation is changing to ease the introduction of electric planes. Contrary to the prices of oil-based fuels, electricity is less volatile but for the end consumer, there is an extreme price difference, based on the amount of electricity consumed annually. This fact shall be stressed and shall play a key role in any economic decision-making about the introduction of electricity into aviation. The goal of this paper is to help estimate future electricity annual consumption to predict for the user what the electricity price will be.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2021, Proceedings of the “Transport Means 2021”, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 1047-1053), ISSN 1822-296X

The article presented here discusses the possibility of use of alternative sources of energy in road freight transport. It deals with emissions from road freight transport and their modelling including the description of emission models, it further introduces a simulation model for fuel consumption and emission calculation, the process of design of optimization of a network charging stations and a concept of charging stations and hydrogen power. The aim is to determine a proper way of implementing alternative energy sources (AES) in freight road transport, to create a simulation model for fuel consumption and emission calculation and therefore to compare the impact of different types of alternative fuels on the environment and to assess emissions in a broader cycle. The work further aims at proposing a method of optimization of a network of charging stations and discussing the concept of charging stations and hydrogen power.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2020, Energies, 13 (23), ISSN 1996-1073

The purpose of this paper is to describe the upcoming changes that will bring the transition from piston engines to all-electric aircrafts. The article focuses on the differences in operation of small general aviation aircrafts. This topic is timely, as the first all-electric aircraft was certified by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2019. As there are no data concerning this new type of operation available, the data have been derived from other applicable sources. At first, we compared the energy consumption of the same aircraft with the piston engine, and then afterwards with the retrofitted all-electric variant. Our results focus on the difference in fuel price, which is discussed in the context of electricity price comparison with AVGAS prices. Moreover, we discuss the environmental impacts, especially concerning electricity source mix and emissions produced (we estimate both with and without life-cycle assessment). In the discussion, we compare the results and identify the benefits of an all-electric solution. Furthermore, several operational restrictions of all-electric aircrafts are discussed.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

2020, 2020 New Trends in Civil Aviation, Praha, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section), p. 123-128), ISBN 978-80-01-06726-0, ISSN 2694-7854

The ADS-B system is one of the key pillars of the future surveillance infrastructure, where the provided position information is predominantly dependent on the availability and quality of GNSS position information. The article presents the findings obtained during a real-time measurement in which the GNSS receiver within the multi-mode receiver (MMR) on the B737 MAX was interfered. In addition to identifying the power level sufficient to disable the GNSS receiver on this aircraft, the article further describes the behavior of the ADS-B system under jamming conditions. The experiment was performed on the ground, i.e., both the aircraft and the jammer were stationary during all phases of measurement.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2020, Zvyšovanie bezpečnosti a kvality v civilnom letectve, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině), p. 51-58), ISBN 978-80-554-1688-5, ISSN 2644-495X

The goal of this paper was to find out how the ambient temperature affects the discharge characteristics and the useful energy density of lithium polymer accumulators. Also, to identify how these parameters are affected by age and wear of these accumulators. Li-Po accumulators are the most used energy source for small unmanned aerial vehicles. It is very important to know limitations of this energy source to allow efficient and safe usage. Especially these days, when these machines are being introduced into many industries. It has been found that low temperatures have a negative impact on the available accumulator capacity, especially the older ones. High temperatures, on the other hand, only slightly increased the capacity of the new accumulator. The old accumulator was affected more, higher temperatures helped to increase its available capacity. Using information gathered form this paper would help them use Li-Po accumulators more efficiently and save money on new ones because of increased life time.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2019, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Military Technologies, Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), ISBN 978-1-7281-4593-8

This paper focuses on the increasing possibilities of detecting GNSS interference. The interference could significantly harm the user of GNSS signal, which can be used even for safety related services. Therefore, there is an increasing need for system capable to detect the GNSS interference. Moreover, when the protected area is larger, such as airport or perimeter of amilitary base, the need for correct positioning of the interference detection system is of the same importance as the system capabilities. In this paper, methodology for detector stations arrangement is evaluated to enable maximum benefits, i.e. to limit the risk of a failure to localize the position of the source of GNSS interference. The methodology could be used for any type of interference detector to propose optimum arrangement of the detector stations and to evaluate overall coverage of the specific interference detector constellation.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, Nové Trendy v civilnom letectve, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině), p. 30-34), ISBN 978-80-554-1579-6

This article describes general knowledge needed for establishing of handling company, mainly describing important requirements of the whole process set by Czech Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). It summarizes all important information and guidelines to obtain an idea how to apply and smoothly go through the process of approval for providing handling services at certain airports in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it provides basic insight to already approved handling service provider – Air Bohemia a.s. The article lays down initial steps to be made, before applying for providing handling services, such as: company financial stability analysis, financial analysis of fueling services in the future and measures to be taken in order to have the business stable and profitable. As the analysis of Air Bohemia a.s. business has revealed, the financial balance of newly set business of providing the handling services by this company won´t be profitable immediately after its introduction, therefore proposed corrective measures must be taken in the future.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2019, TRANSPORT MEANS 2019 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 296-298), ISSN 1822-296X

In this article we tried to identify trends in aviation accident involving pilots in training. We used data from 5 different countries within Europe region from 2013 to 2018. We focused on all types of training provided by different types of eligible organizations, for example PPL training, glider pilot training, ultra light pilot training. We identified several patterns which may be used in future to increase the safety of aviation trainings. This article also briefly discusses new type of the training organization, declared training organization. We suggested how this article may be used as a reference material to determine safety level of future declared training organization.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2019, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 7 (1), p. 6-11), ISSN 1805-7578

The article evaluates current system of weather information provision to pilots of commercial aircraft in flight. Specifically it focuses on what is provided in case of thunderstorms present in the terminal area opposed to what is needed from pilot’s perspective for effective decision making. Contents and availability of aviation weather messages are considered and suggestions for optimization of information sources are made. Benefits of the provision of additional information containing the position of cumulonimbus clouds are explained on the examples of operational scenarios. The scenarios are based on historical weather data, however solutions and decisions are fictional. Explanation of different scenario solutions based on information available in the cockpit is provided and the consequences evaluated.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2018, Young Transportation Engineers Conference 2018, Praha, Fakulta dopravní), ISBN 978-80-01-06464-1

Advisory procedures are meant to be simple operation procedures based on the use of GNSS when flying under VFR, without degrading flight safety. To prove that procedural steps or predetermined manoeuvres are beneficial for pilots, it´s done underwent a series of testing. It was used observation of physiology parameters to obtain quantitative values of the level of psychical condition on testing subjects during VFR flight on simulator with and without GNSS in use, to determine if proper usage of GNSS decreases workload of pilots. The study was attended by 9 students of the Department of Air Transport, CTU in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences. The measured data was collected in the form of bio signals using the VLV-LAB system. For the purposes of evaluating the psychophysiological status of the pilots, a heart rate record was chosen as the main indicator – heart rate variability (HRV), i.e. duration of each R-R interval. Measured data was evaluated by standard methods in the time domain. All measured subjects had a decrease (meanHR), respectively increase (meanRR) of given parameters in with-GPS measurements compared to without-GPS measurements.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2018, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2018, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině), p. 42-45), ISBN 978-80-554-1530-7

EU directive 1178/2011 was amended by Annex VIII where requirements for new type of a training organization, so called Declare training organization (DTO), are defined. AMC and GM materials to PART-DTO were published by EASA ED on 14 September 2018. Therefore, we would like to seize the opportunity to discuss this very up-to-date issue on the NTCL conference. In this paper we would like to present main differences between ATO and DTO, especially from the safety point of view.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2018, TRANSPORT MEANS 2018 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22nd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 167-169), ISSN 1822-296X

Electric taxiing system for aircraft is new tool how to achieve several important goals. Main advantages are increased safety of operations, reduced operational costs and mitigation of environmental impacts. This paper is focused on several possibilities how to implement ETS systems in the aerodrome operational environment. We discuss possibilities to use battery systems and ground based systems for distribution of electric energy during taxiing. Also we try to estimate impacts of such systems on fulfilment o goals of the Flightpath 2050 EC report. The Flighpath 2050 sets the goal to have emission completely free taxiing by the 2050. To achieve this goal there should be some first steps implemented in nearest future.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2018, BulTrans-2018 Proceedings, Sofia, Technical University Academic Publishing House), p. 47-50), ISSN 1313-955X

This article dissertates about problems which shall be taken into account during the placement of the GNSS jamming detector. Our article is part of the work on the project to develop detector of GNSS jamming usable for securing of an aerodrome area. The main ability of the detector is to identify and found source or either jamming or spoofing of GNSS signal. The planned usage is mainly on airports which use GNSS either for ground operations or PBN approaches. The need to protect the large area with one detector represents the problem in terms of detector positioning. To ensure the best possible probability to capture the jamming signal is the position of the detector essential. Several aspects which may strongly influence the ideal position of the detector were identified and best practice is discussed.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2018, New Trends in Civil Aviation, Leiden, CRC Press/Balkema), p. 199-202), ISBN 978-0-8153-7602-6

In this article, we dissertate about processes necessary for the certification of the flight simulator device. Recent changes in legislative provide new possibilities to obtain a flight and navigation procedures trainer without the need for purchasing on-key solution. On the contrary, the construction of such device brings some issues and limitations that we stressed. In the second part, we estimate the budget necessary for the construction of such device and try to mark several important steps that will occur during the construction and certification process. We pointed out several legislative regulations and processes based on the Czech national legislative. However, because of deep harmonization in this area, this article may be useful for any EASA member state. In Section 6, we describe another possibility of an artificial training device, including the limitations of such solutions. We also provide readers with some basic estimates about possible savings and costs to suggest the optional flight simulator solution for an individual operator.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

2018, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 6 (2), p. 10-13), ISSN 1805-7578

The paper focuses on reusable launch space systems. It aims to describe the current state of reusability in space systems and to analyze the launch cost of current Falcon carrier rockets. The first chapter is dedicated to general information about reusable launch space systems. This includes definition of reusable and expendable launch systems or history of reusable launch systems. The second part is focused on the era after STS and new the concept of RLV. The following parts of this paper aim to analyze the launch price of current Falcon carrier rockets.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2017, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 5 (4), p. 6-12), ISSN 1805-7578

Global navigation satellite systems are increasingly part of our lives and many industries including aviation. Glider flying is no exception in this trend. Global navigation satellite systems were part of gliding since the early 1990s. First as official recording devices for simple evidence of sporting performances, then as navigation systems, anti-collision systems and emergency location transmitters. Development of recording application was initiated and supported by International Gliding Commission of World Air Sports Federation in way of certifications for flight recorders. The use of navigation and other modern instruments in gliders has brought many benefits but also risks. However, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and these systems are now integral part of gliding. With this wide usage of global navigation satellite systems devices, there is great many possibilities how and in which way one can use these systems. Pilots must orient themselves in varied selection of products, which they can use to choose one solution, that fits him. Therefore, to find out how and if pilots use these devices, we created questionnaire survey among 143 Czech glider pilots. We found out, that 84% of them are using global navigation satellite systems devices for official record of flight and for navigation as well. More than half of pilots is using free, not built-in devices. Most common devices are mobile phones up to 5 inches of screen diagonal in combination with approved flight recorder without display. If pilots use mobile device for navigation, 52% of them is using one with Windows Mobile operating system, 33% use Android. Navigational software on these mobile devices is then almost tied between SeeYou Mobile, XCSoar and LK8000. Knowledge about usage preference of global navigation systems devices should help pilots with selection and overall orientation in subject.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2017, TRANSPORT MEANS 2017 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Technical University), p. 597-600), ISSN 1822-296X

Paper dissertates about upcoming impacts of changes in EU legislative in area of IFR flying. Changes proposed by EASA committee aims to change approach for instrumental flying. Change of paradigm aims into improving theoretical training and to make instrumental training more achievable by general aviation pilots. Upcoming changes will introduce new instrumental rating as well as changes in the existing ratings. Paper is mostly based on NPA 2016-03 and NPA 2016-14.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2016, Book of Abstracts of the International Scientific Conference New Trends in Aviation Development 2016, Košice, Faculty of Aeronautics Technical University Kosice), p. 14-14), ISBN 978-80-553-2594-1

This paper discusses changes to the CPL/ATPL theoretical training proposed by NPA NPA2016-03. The most important change is the newly proposed subject of 100KSA KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES.

Abstrakt ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2016, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference New Trends in Aviation Development 2016, Košice, Technická univerzita v Košiciach, Letecká fakulta), ISBN 978-80-553-2628-3

This Paper discusses changes to the CPL/ATPL theoretical training proposed by NPA NPA2016-03. The most important change is the newly proposed subject of 100KSA KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2016, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 4 (20), p. 6-9), ISSN 1805-7578

Space flights are in these days not any more question of technology, but more question of costs. One way how to decrease cost of launch is change of home spaceport. Change of home spaceport for different rockets is a way to achieve more efficient launches to space. The reason is different acceleration achieved from Earth rotation. We added several mathematical calculations of missions to Low Earth Orbit and Geostationary Earth Orbit to show bonuses from Earth rotation and effect of atmospheric drag on specific rockets used these days. We discussed only already used space vessels. Namely Arianne 5, Delta 4 heavy, Proton-M, Zenit and Falcon9. For reaching GEO we discuss possibility of using Hohmman transfer, because none of aforementioned vessels is available for direct GEO entry. As possible place for launch we discussed spaceports Baikonur, Kennedy Space center, Guyana Space center and Sea Launch platform. We present results in form of additional acceleration for each spaceport, and we also project this additional acceleration in means payload increase. In conclusion we find important differences between vessel effectivity based on spaceport used for launch. Change of launch location may bring significant cost decrease for operators.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2016, Proceedings of 20th International Conference Transport Means 2016, Kaunas, Kauno technologijos universitetas), p. 180-184), ISSN 1822-296X

The main goal of this paper is a process that should have effectively implemented a NDT (Non Destructive Testing) into approved maintenance organizations that maintain aircraft. The opening part of the paper is about a description of a current situation in an area of the NDT in a relation to the maintenance organizations. The main part of the paper designs a possible process of the NDT implementation. The process should be easy, effective and financially acceptable. The next part describes various processes that must be done for the proper implementation. These processes result from a decision of the organization, from aviation regulations and from standards that are about the NDT. Then the processes are described detail. This is because of a reader so he/she can clearly understand a basic concept of the implementation and he/she can understand requirements resulting from the legislation.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2016, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 4 (17), p. 27-30), ISSN 1805-7578

Air transport contributes to climate changes not only by greenhouse gas production but also because of production of contrails. The effect of contrails is less scientifically understood compared to greenhouse gases according to IPCC. In order to be able to research the effect of contrails on the atmosphere, it is necessary to identify their realistic frequency of occurrence and to define the relationship between their occurrence and other factors. The effort to identify and monitor contrails and their dependence on the type of air traffic is the objective of SGS project.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2015, Aeronautika 15, Lublin, Lublin University of Technology), p. 215-222), ISBN 978-83-7947-149-2

This paper is an introduction into a diploma thesis named “Tools forincrease of cabin crew professional skills”. The thesis deals withairline company policies and a level of conduct of cabin crew duringtheir duty. It aims at determining that level, find flaws, and try tofind ways how to improve those levels. Most important part of thethesis is a survey, which was conducted among cabin crew personnelall around the world.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2015, Proceedings of 19th International Scientific Conference Transport Means, Kaunas, Technologija), p. 555-558), ISSN 1822-296X

GNSS has been the standard in instrument flying for several years and both Eurocontrol and the FAA assume that it will become the primary means of navigation. However, the situation in VFR flying is more complicated. National aviation authorities are reluctant to formally approve the use of GNSS in VFR flight despite the fact that its use by properly trained VFR pilots with adequate knowledge would significantly improve the safety of air traffic. Currently most pilots are not taught the principle of operation of GNSS in their PPL training.

Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

2015, International Review of Aerospace Engineering, 8 (5), p. 179-184), ISSN 1973-7459

The paper deals with the possibilities of application of autonomous transport means in logistics. The first section describes the current options and usage. Below there are the key areas of transport, where the development of these resources is described with the best logistics perspective. The third part is devoted to road transport costs, which is identified as the most significant source of potential future economic benefits for logistics in the previous section. In this section the potential economic impacts of the introduction of autonomous vehicles are estimated. Definite calculation is estimated by formula for road transport in the CR, but also with a view to the EU area. In addition to the benefits, the costs that will be associated with the introduction of new technologies in various fields of transport are discussed. In addition to the benefits are discuss about the costs that will be associated with the introduction of new technologies in various fields of transport. Entire article is conceived as presentation of the options and risks associated with the introduction of autonomous vehicles to the logistics chains with an emphasis on identifying risks and opportunities. © 2015 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l.-All rights reserved.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném databází Scopus

2015, Engineering Sciences and Production Management 2015, Košice, Podnikovohospodráska fakulta so sídlom v Košiciach, EU v Bratislave), p. 181-181), ISBN 978-80-971555-4-4

Abstrakt ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. česky

2015, ISBN 978-80-01-05824-4

Monografie shrnuje vliv letecké dopravy na atmosféru, důležitý pro otto odvětví nejen z ekonomického hlediska. Jelikož letectví je v Evropské unii zapojeno do systému EU ETS pro obchodování s emisemi, věnuje se kniha i postupu začlenění dopravců do tohto systému. Popisuje všechny povinnosti leteckého provozovatele i způsoby, jak je naplnit. Autoři také analyzují vlivy leteckých emisí na atmosféru, především emisí skleníkových plynů a aerosolů. Zvláštní pozornost věnují kondenzačním stopám letadel a tvorbě cirrovité oblačnosti a jejich dopadům na radiační bilanci Země.

Vědecká kniha česky

2014, Journal of Air Transport Management, 20 (39), p. 81-88), ISSN 0969-6997

This research presents a detailed analysis of both the positive and negative aspects related to electric taxiing for aircraft. We focus on the economic impacts of using an electric taxiing system and evaluate possible savings and costs. We also identify several threats connected with the introduction of these systems to aircraft operations. In the last part of the research, we predict future developments and potential impacts on air operators and airports.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SSCI

2014, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 2 (8), p. 11-13), ISSN 1805-7578

This article deals with study of costs which every single aircraft operator has to pay for its delay against schedule or for non-flying in default flight level. These costs are defined, analysed afterwards and calculated accordingly.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2014, Acta Avionica, 16 (1), p. 60-64), ISSN 1335-9479

The research was focused on evaluating the possibility of using nearby airport infrastructure to accommodate possible alternative flights. The quest is to reveal the way of choosing desired characteristics of alternative airports, size of catchment areas and cost of airport fees. Furthermore the paper determines the impact of airport fees on the final air ticket price and calculates the total savings gained by moving to an alternative airport. The conclusion is devoted to assess a possibility of alternate particular flights from Václav Havel airport Prague airport (LKPR) to nearby airports, baceuse Václav Havel airport Prague has very specific position, and more 90% of flight is dispatched from there.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku

2014, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2014, Brno, Akademické nakladatelství CERM), p. 15-18), ISBN 978-80-7204-891-5

Electric taxiing is progressive method for lowering costs and environmental impacts of ground operations. Despite the fact that no manufacturer had certification for such device today, here are more than 1000 orders placed. That shows the facts that air operators are interested in this technologies. Main goal of this article is to provide sceptical point of view to put in contrast with very optimistic marketing statements of involved companies.

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2014, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 2 (10), p. 17-20), ISSN 1805-7578

This article focuses on system for ground manoeuvring of aircrafts called Taxibot. Article focuses on principles, advantages and disadvantages of Taxibot system with basic estimations about economical benefits of the system.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2014, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 2 (7), p. 4-7), ISSN 1805-7578

The paper summarizes changes in the flight planning caused by the introduction of Free Route Airspace Project and suggests possible measures needed to be adopted across the whole system in order to ensure military and civilian aircraft remain segregated in a way that is today ensured by the system of conditional routes. The paper suggests a possible solution in flight planning using existing flight planning tools provided by the CFMU.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2014

Electric taxi systems have the potential to lower direct costs as well to make the aircraft turn-around more effective. The description of electric taxi systems for the purpose of estimating direct savings resulting from their use can be found in Hospodka (2014), where the direct saving is estimated at EUR 119 per one flight operated by a narrow-body airplane. Besides direct savings, electric taxi systems offer other cost benefits to airlines. One of the more significant ones is the faster turn-around resulting from parallel parking at terminals. This will be enabled by the fact that aircraft equipped with electric taxi systems will be capable of performing parking manoeuvers in order to be positioned with their port side parallel to the terminal building. This manoeuver is called WheelTug TWIST™. This article further assumes the use of the WheelTug® electric taxi system, i.e. a system with a powered nose wheel. This system enables sharper turns and a more precise ground movement control of the aircraft. Information about the feasibility of such parking when using EGTS is currently unavailable.

Výzkumná zpráva cizojazyčně

2013, Perner's Contacts, 8 (2), p. 33-41), ISSN 1801-674X

The paper is focused on evaluating pricing strategies based on monitoring of air ticket prices in different markets and in different time periods. Factors such as type of market, competitors, peak period, season, fuel costs, and environmental costs influencing air ticket prices are considered in the paper. Furthermore the paper discusses the differences in pricing strategies of traditional and low-cost airlines, different types of management

Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

2013, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 1 (3), p. 9-12), ISSN 1805-7578

This article presents an overview and results of research of Airport Emissions of Particulate Matter (AEoPM). The AEoPM thesis creates an environment for summarizing local airport particulate matter emissions, for evaluating their contribution to overall local air pollution and for comparing the relative contributions to overall particulate matter emissions from each individual source of emission. The study researches the situation at Hradec Králové regional airport and then applies this gathered data to the airport‘s surrounding area. Next it poses the question: Is it appropriate to restrict Hradec Králové Airport’s operations when emission limits are breached? The answer is then found and presented in this article. Last but not least, the study deals with other local industry sources of particulate matter emissions in the monitored area and also compares the typical flight activity to the road activity one commonly used in the area.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2013, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 1 (2), p. 11-14), ISSN 1805-7578

Short article dissertates about Satellite navigation systems based on Doppler shift. Discussed are advantages and disadvantages of such systems especially in connection with aviation. In last part are mentioned nowadays satellite navigation systems based on Doppler shift effect.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

2013, 20th Anniversary of the Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague - Selected Papers, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta dopravní), p. 379-384), ISBN 978-80-01-05320-1

This article is focused on evaluation of passenger flow through Ostrava Airport. It describes the history and the present situation of the passenger air transport on the Leos Janacek Ostrava international airport. This article is based on author’s diploma thesis.

Stať ve sborníku z fakultní konference cizojazyčně

2012, Acta Avionica, 14 (25), p. 70-71), ISSN 1335-9479

This paper contains brief information about prediction of aircraft produced contrails in ISSR. Most importance is pointed on why it is important to forecast contrails and induced cloudiness. In this paper are mentioned few possibilities how to improve today situation.

Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku

2012, Transactions on Transport Sciences, 5 (4), p. 189-194), ISSN 1802-971X

This paper discusses the possible involvement of contrail radiation in the scheme of the EU ETS to decrease aviation impact on the global Earth´s radiation balance. The main goal of this involvement should be the lowering of aviation radiation balance without any further costs for aviation operators. This fact should encourage further research of this possibility due to this being a "win - win" scenario. Lowering the aviation impact on the radiation balance with lower costs than only the charges dependent on the EU ETS scheme, which nowadays covers only emissions of CO2.

Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

2011, Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology (59), p. 346-349), ISSN 2010-376X

This paper dissertates about issues which may occur after next year will be major part of civil aviation in EU included into system of Emission trading.

Článek v periodiku excerpovaném databází Scopus

2011, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2011, Praha, ČVUT v Praze a OSL ČR), p. 44-46), ISBN 978-80-01-04893-1

Ways to mitigate impacts of aviation on atmosphere and global warming

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

2011, Perner's Contacts, 6 (4), p. 104-108), ISSN 1801-674X

Začlenění dopravy do systému obchodování s emisemi a zamezení carbon leakage

Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI česky

2010, Workshop 2010, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 404-405), ISBN 978-80-01-04513-8

ivolvment of air transport in EU ETS and its impact on external costs policy in air transport

Stať ve sborníku Workshop ČVUT

2009, Transactions on Transport Sciences, 2 (2), p. 42-47), ISSN 1802-971X

European Union includes Environment as one of the four main target areas requiring greater effort. One pillar of EU environment policy is Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading System. In EU directive 2008/101 was held that aviation will be added in system of greenhouse gasses trading. Despite quite small volume of aviation emissions the danger of aviation emissions emitted in higher atmosphere turn the scale. Aviation will be part of the ETS from year 2012, but the most important decision and customization of the ETS system for aviation are to be done now. Involvement of aviation in the ETS bears many difficulties and problems, which are to be solved to allow the ETS bring benefit to the whole aviation and whole society as well.

Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

2008, Nové trendy v civilním letectví, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta dopravní), p. 25-31), ISBN 978-80-7204-604-1

Příspěvek krátce vymezuje ekonomický pojem externalit a jejich negativní vlivy. Dále zmiňuje nejdůležitější externí náklady, které jsou produkovány leteckou dopravou. Zmíněna je implementace politiky Evropské Unie a možné dopady této politiky na leteckou dopravu. Především je uvedena problematika internalizace externích nákladů

Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

2007, Zvyšovanie bezpečnosti v civilnom a vojenskom letectve - 2007, Žilina, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině Fakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov), p. 111-116), ISBN 978-80-8070-665-4

Flight Cost Management

Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

2007, MOSATT 2007, Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Modern Safety Technologies in Transportation", Košice, Slovak Transport Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences), p. 288-293), ISBN 978-80-969760-2-7

Potential Of The Program Fuel Efficiency For Reducing The Amount of Emissions

Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

2007, Zvyšovanie bezpečnosti v civilnom a vojenskom letectve - 2007, Žilina, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině Fakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov), p. 20-25), ISBN 978-80-8070-665-4

Reducing The Amount Of Emissions In Air Transport

Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky