Lidé na fakultě
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.

rozklikni NABÍDKU

Publikace

informace pocházejí z univerzitní databáze V3S

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; Ing. Jakub Steiner; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Petr Lukeš; Ing. Terézia Pilmannová, MBA; doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2025, The Aeronautical Journal, 2025 (1), ISSN 2059-6464
Anotace:
The presented research investigates the impact of interference on the performance of aircraft Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers with a specific focus on the behaviour of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) position quality indicators. Several experiments were performed with different aircraft types, such as Airbus, Boeing, Beechcraft King Air B350 or Tecnam, and using various intensities of GNSS jamming. The behaviour of various quality indicators, such as the Navigation Integrity Category, Navigation Accuracy Category, Source Integrity Level and System Design Assurance transmitted in different types of ADS-B messages, is analysed. We investigate not only situations where the quality indicators drop to zero, but also the complete evolution of the changes in the indicators as a function of the increasing power of the jamming signal. Based on the analysis of changes in the ADS-B quality indicators, the estimation of the most likely interference signal power required to discontinue the tracking of an already acquired GPS L1 Coarse/Acquisition signal is made. Additionally, the interference signal power to prevent re-acquisition is also estimated. The findings improve the understanding of interference effects and can support the development of robust interference mitigation techniques in aviation applications.
DOI:
10.1017/aer.2024.165
Typ:
Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

Autoři:
Ing. Jakub Steiner; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2024, New Trends in Civil Aviation: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on New Trends in Civil Aviation 2024, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 213-218), ISBN 978-80-01-07182-3, ISSN 2694-7854
Anotace:
The paper investigates the impact of spoofing in the form of meaconing on the performance of aircraft Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver and ground mobile positioning transmitter that is commonly used for tracking of non-transponder equipped targets on the airport's surface. The interference scenarios were twofold, first consisting of GNSS L1 meaconing with increasing power levels and second with GNSS L1 jamming followed up by meaconing. The impact was investigated by analysing the changes in positional information and position quality indicators transmitted by the Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast System. Due to the high dependence of aviation on the use of Global Positioning System, meaconing represents a serious security risk. Thus, the knowledge of the resilience of individual systems is key information in specifying response procedures and countermeasures.
DOI:
10.23919/NTCA60572.2024.10517809
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2024, Journal of Air Transport Management, 119, ISSN 0969-6997
Anotace:
The future development of aeronautical navigation foresees an infrastructure rationalization of radionavigation aids with the aim of maintaining only the Minimum Operational Network, which brings benefits in terms of operational cost savings, promotes sustainability and optimal use of the radio spectrum. To ensure that the necessary navigation performance is preserved, the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) plays a significant role, as DME/DME navigation is a short-term contingency solution when Global Navigation Satellite System is unavailable. Therefore, new DME ground stations are put into operation even though other navigation aids are being decommissioned at the same time. This paper addresses a question of possible DME network rationalization by developing a software model using a combination of a rule-based model, approximating of airborne DME interrogators interacting with DME ground transponders, with the implementation of the Gradient Boosting Regression to predict load of DME ground stations. The model is validated by comparing the results with the real load data obtained from an Air Navigation Service Provider. Several test cases are performed to evaluate the capability of the European DME network, simulating a reduction in the number of en-route DME stations and increases in air traffic using clustering methods. The results show that the ground station load limit was rarely reached, demonstrating the robustness and the potential for rationalization of the DME infrastructure.
DOI:
10.1016/j.jairtraman.2024.102637
Typ:
Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SSCI

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Jakub Steiner
Publikováno:
2024, The Aeronautical Journal, 1331 (129), p. 206-223), ISSN 2059-6464
Anotace:
The threat of GNSS interference poses a great danger to many critical infrastructure systems including air navigation. With a focus on mitigating this threat, this paper proposes a methodology for detecting GNSS interference. The methodology utilises the quality indicator NACp transmitted in ADS-B messages and GPS almanac data for interference detection. The NACp indicator enables estimation of the position error derived from GPS, which is compared with the HDOP value of the GPS satellite constellation. Based on this comparison, the developed detection algorithm determines whether the aircraft is affected by jamming. The detection methodology is evaluated on datasets obtained during deliberate experiments with GPS jamming. The proposed methodology provides a way to detect GNSS interference, facilitating mitigation of its impact on air traffic operation.
DOI:
10.1017/aer.2024.67
Typ:
Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Vašutová, N.; Ing. Petr Had; Ing. Terézia Pilmannová, MBA; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Peter Vittek, Ph.D.; Duša, T.; Havlíček, J.; Hejra, M.; Škvrně, M.
Publikováno:
2023
Anotace:
Dokument představuje výsledek V03 (Poradní a doporučující materiály) projektu Inovativní způsob navigace vrtulníků letecké záchranné služby v České republice s využitím GNSS, postupů Point in Space a tratí Low Level Routes (CK01000031). Výsledek je nezbytnou součástí projektu, jelikož vedle definované koncepce jsou nutné také správné postupy pro její využití a zavedení do praxe. Hlavním přínosem výsledku je snazší a urychlená implementace postupů PinS v ČR.
Typ:
Výsledky promítnuté do směrnic a nelegisl. předpisů

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Vašutová, N.; Ing. Petr Had; Ing. Terézia Pilmannová, MBA; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Peter Vittek, Ph.D.; Duša, T.; Havlíček, J.; Hejra, M.; Škvrně, M.
Publikováno:
2023
Anotace:
Cílem této studie je navrhnout koncept provozu (CONOPS postupů PinS a LLR) a příslušnou studii bezpečnosti (Safety Study) umožňující využít přístrojové postupy pro lety vrtulníků (přiblížení, přistání, odlety, traťové lety) v neřízeném vzdušném prostoru a pod minimální výškou pro radarové vektorování, přičemž bude dosahovat akceptovatelné úrovně provozní bezpečnosti. Pro splnění tohoto cíle je třeba využít nejlepší praxi existujících postupů, identifikovat překážky současného prostředí a navrhnout jejich odstranění, definovat základní předpoklady bezpečných postupů, navrhnout koncept provozu pro PinS a koncept provozu pro nízké letové tratě (LLR – Low Level Routes), zhodnotit provozní bezpečnost navržených řešení, provést ekonomickou analýzu zavedení konceptů provozu a zhodnotit provozní přínosy při implementaci konceptů provozu, včetně analýzy dopadů na jiné uživatele vzdušného prostoru.
Typ:
Oponovaná výzkumná zpráva v češtině

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2022, 2022 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA), Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 81-85), ISBN 978-80-01-06985-1, ISSN 2694-7854
Anotace:
EUROCONTROL and other European organizations place great emphasis on the efficiency of the use of the radio frequency band 1030/1090 due to its heavy load. One of the major contributors to the load on this band is the excessive number of replies that aircraft emit as a result of “Mode S Only All Call” interrogations from SSR Mode S radars. The dominant source of these replies is the area that arises between the end of the radar's surveillance coverage map to the border where transponder minimum triggering level (MTL) is achieved. Therefore, it should be an effort that the interrogation power is optimally adapted to the set surveillance coverage map and is not unnecessarily greater. Based on the processing of replies from aircraft, the paper analyzes how large this area is and whether there is a clear relationship between the set size of the surveillance coverage map and the so-called physical range of the radar. The aim is to find out how manufacturers and air navigation service providers (ANSPs) approach this setting. The paper uses data available from the Open Sky Network portal, and the analysis is performed on a sample of selected SSR within the European region.
DOI:
10.23919/NTCA55899.2022.9934517
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Bc. Michael Matejovie; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Petr Lukeš; Ing. Terézia Pilmannová, MBA
Publikováno:
2022, 2022 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA), Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze), p. 69-73), ISBN 978-1-6654-5190-1
Anotace:
This paper dissertates about utilization of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) parameters Navigation Accuracy Category for Position (NACp) and Navigation Integrity Category (NIC) for possible identification of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) jamming. GNSS jamming poses a high-security risk not only for aviation. ADS-B transmitted from most of the aircraft brings a possibility to use the ADS-B to identify the presence of GNSS jamming. Therefore, aircraft are used as detectors to identify jamming presence with wide area coverage. A method for GNSS jamming detection using the correlation of NACp and NIC ADS-B parameters is presented in this article. The results of applying this method on multiple real datasets are shown and discussed.
DOI:
10.23919/NTCA55899.2022.9934749
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2021, Proceedings of the “Transport Means 2021”, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 328-331), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
The paper introduces the method to mapping the Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Mode S operational coverage based on passive receiving and analysis of replies from aircraft. The article presents the achieved results using data obtained from the OpenSky Network database. The OpenSky Network is a non-profit organization providing an extensive database with a global reach based on the collection of aircraft information over the publicly accessible 1090 MHz radio frequency channel. These data allowed us to carried out analysis over a large area of Europe and verify whether the method based on the analysis of All-Call replies brings usable results for determining operational coverage of secondary surveillance radars used by individual Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP).
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Jakub Nosek, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2020, TRANSPORT MEANS 2020 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 491-495), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
The aircraft surveillance systems ensure every adequately equipped aircraft will be tracked by other aircraft or on-ground sensor and presented on screens to the air traffic controllers or pilots. There are various applications in aviation used for these purposes. Since the main purpose of the usage of such systems is safety, which is necessary to be addressed more than ever before because of the constantly rising air traffic volume, there are new legislative measures being introduced on national and international levels to help maintain the system safe and with certain level of redundancy. Because of those actions and high air traffic volume, the used frequency band becomes saturated which can cause the aircraft transponders stop working and thus not providing aircraft position data. This paper analyzes the effect of the new 2020 European Commission requirement, which is mandating all aircraft of certain category to be equipped with ADS-B version 2 capable transponders, to the 1090 MHz band load. Since the ADS-B version 2 capable transponders transmit more messages on the shared frequency band than the previous ADS-B version 0 capable transponders, the attention is paid on ACAS hybrid surveillance implementation, which could partially compensate the increase of messages caused by the new ADS-B equipage mandate and thus slow down the band saturation.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Helena Bínová, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2020, Energies, 13 (23), ISSN 1996-1073
Anotace:
The purpose of this paper is to describe the upcoming changes that will bring the transition from piston engines to all-electric aircrafts. The article focuses on the differences in operation of small general aviation aircrafts. This topic is timely, as the first all-electric aircraft was certified by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2019. As there are no data concerning this new type of operation available, the data have been derived from other applicable sources. At first, we compared the energy consumption of the same aircraft with the piston engine, and then afterwards with the retrofitted all-electric variant. Our results focus on the difference in fuel price, which is discussed in the context of electricity price comparison with AVGAS prices. Moreover, we discuss the environmental impacts, especially concerning electricity source mix and emissions produced (we estimate both with and without life-cycle assessment). In the discussion, we compare the results and identify the benefits of an all-electric solution. Furthermore, several operational restrictions of all-electric aircrafts are discussed.
DOI:
10.3390/en13236206
Typ:
Článek v periodiku excerpovaném SCI Expanded

Autoři:
Ing. David Levin; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2020, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 8 (4), p. 6-11), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The aim of this paper is to provide performance assessment of Alternative Navigation Positioning and Timing (APNT) systems considered possible GNSS backup in European region. The performance of the APNT systems is assessed based on their performance characteristics such as accuracy, integrity, and by additional beneficial abilities, that could help by implementation or could provide different added value in terms of solving certain issues in the Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) domain.
DOI:
10.14311/MAD.2020.04.01
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; Ing. Terézia Pilmannová, MBA; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Petr Lukeš; Ing. Jakub Steiner; doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2020, 2020 New Trends in Civil Aviation, Praha, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section), p. 123-128), ISBN 978-80-01-06726-0, ISSN 2694-7854
Anotace:
The ADS-B system is one of the key pillars of the future surveillance infrastructure, where the provided position information is predominantly dependent on the availability and quality of GNSS position information. The article presents the findings obtained during a real-time measurement in which the GNSS receiver within the multi-mode receiver (MMR) on the B737 MAX was interfered. In addition to identifying the power level sufficient to disable the GNSS receiver on this aircraft, the article further describes the behavior of the ADS-B system under jamming conditions. The experiment was performed on the ground, i.e., both the aircraft and the jammer were stationary during all phases of measurement.
DOI:
10.23919/NTCA50409.2020.9290995
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Petr Lukeš; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Vlček, T.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2020, 2020 New Trends in Civil Aviation, Praha, IEEE Czechoslovakia Section), p. 9-15), ISBN 978-80-01-06726-0, ISSN 2694-7854
Anotace:
With the increasing dependency on the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) for navigation and surveillance, aviation is focusing on mitigation of threats caused by a possible system unavailability due to jamming or spoofing. This research deals with pattern recognition of the time evolution of quality indicators in transmitted Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) messages during GNSS jamming in non jammed data over Central Europe. An evaluation of the quality indicators from all messages within a one month interval is presented. A practical jamming experiment was done to determine how the quality indicators are changing during a jamming presence. Afterwards, the results of the experiment are used as a foundation for the proposed jamming detection technique using ADS-B data based on pattern recognition and cluster analysis. A natural presence of a quality indicators variability is proven in the data using these methods, similar to the indicators variability during GNSS jamming.
DOI:
10.23919/NTCA50409.2020.9291039
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Jakub Nosek, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Bc. Vladimír Socha, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2019, SAMI 2019 IEEE 17th World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics - PROCEEDINGS, Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), p. 17-22), ISBN 978-1-7281-0250-4
Anotace:
Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) has become an essential part of civil aircraft’s avionics. The surveillance function of this system provides each aircraft with the position information of other aircraft in vicinity. In order to acquire the position data, the system sends standardized messages on 1030 MHz radio frequency and receives replies on 1090 MHz. Since this frequency band is shared among all surveillance systems used in aviation, it is becoming saturated with the constantly rising air traffic volume. As a result of this saturation the air traffic controllers may not receive all messages transmitted by an aircraft which would lead to inaccurate indication on the radar screens. In order to determine how much ACAS contributes to the overall frequency saturation, it is necessary to observe its behaviour in real environment. This paper should analyze a few selected parameters, such as ACAS surveillance range, nominal surveillance rate or ADS-B version and find out their real values. For this purpose real messages received at 1090 MHz receivers were used and evaluated. The results showed the real value of ACAS surveillance range is much higher than the value stated in technical standards. Other results helped to define the nominal surveillance rate and show that the version of ADS-B which is mostly used in real environment is ADS-B ICAO version 0. These findings can be used as inputs to the tool for RF channels 1030/1090 MHz loading analysis.
DOI:
10.1109/SAMI.2019.8782728
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2019, TRANSPORT MEANS 2019 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 1128-1134), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
Considering the requirements for the elementary and enhanced surveillance Mode S transponder capability within Europe, an amount of information contained in Comm-B replies of addressed surveillance has increased,and a varied data from on board of an aircraft may be obtained by a receiver onfrequency 1090 MHz. In order to decode the received flight data without the knowledge of the initial SSRinterrogation, the so-called BDS register number is necessary to determine. For this purpose, more algorithms have been created to identify the particular type of the Comm-B replies. This paper deals not only with a comparison of different approaches of the BDS number determining, but it also aims at finding the advantages of each algorithm for recommendation with a view to improve current solutions.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2019, TRANSPORT MEANS 2019 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23rd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 555-559), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
Nowadays air navigation service providers (ANSP) use three main sources of surveillance information: SSR Mode S, MLAT systems, and ADS-B. Current cooperativesurveillance systems are typically characterized not only by determiningthe air targets position but also by acquiringa large amount of other aircraft-related information. The pressure to the interrogation of more and more information is constantly increasing. Unfortunately, all main above mentioned surveillance systems are based on sharing the same frequency band without any direct cooperation, which makes this problem even more difficult when no possible to count on the availability of any new cooperativesurveillance technology in the foreseeable future. The paperaims to show how would be possible to efficiently meet the current and future surveillance requirements by means of strengthening the cooperation of these systems. It alsodealswith the concept of complete removal of the so-called “All-Call” period from the SSR Mod S radar interrogation schemedeals in more, where excludingof the primary target detection capability would be compensated byreceiving of appropriate information from the MLAT or ADS-B system. Feasibility aspects and the benefits of this concept are discussed.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2019, Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Military Technologies, Prague, Czechoslovakia Section IEEE), ISBN 978-1-7281-4593-8
Anotace:
This paper focuses on the increasing possibilities of detecting GNSS interference. The interference could significantly harm the user of GNSS signal, which can be used even for safety related services. Therefore, there is an increasing need for system capable to detect the GNSS interference. Moreover, when the protected area is larger, such as airport or perimeter of amilitary base, the need for correct positioning of the interference detection system is of the same importance as the system capabilities. In this paper, methodology for detector stations arrangement is evaluated to enable maximum benefits, i.e. to limit the risk of a failure to localize the position of the source of GNSS interference. The methodology could be used for any type of interference detector to propose optimum arrangement of the detector stations and to evaluate overall coverage of the specific interference detector constellation.
DOI:
10.1109/MILTECHS.2019.8870015
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, New Trends in Civil Aviation, Leiden, CRC Press/Balkema), p. 123-128), ISBN 978-0-8153-7602-6
Anotace:
Mapping of secondary surveillance infrastructure using time-based analysis of transponder replies may provide up-to-date information in terms of number of operating radars in area and their rotation periods. This may be key data for various recent RF 1090 MHz saturation models and studies. Nevertheless, the times of radar-solicited reply arrivals may deviate from periodic patterns due to the aircraft motion. Recognition of such patterns in the recorded mixture of replies to different radars is thus more complicated. The aim of the paper is to propose a method for evaluating arrival time irregularities due to aircraft motion that may be a limiting factor. Hence, it may contribute to development and calibration of the secondary radar detection algorithms using time-based analysis of transponder reply mixtures.
DOI:
10.1201/9781351238649-20
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Kotvaldová, T.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, TRANSPORT MEANS 2018 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22nd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 517-521), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
This paper is focused on approach procedures and related noise impact on settlements close to airport. The objective is to evaluate four operational noise mitig ation measures for Vaclav Havel Airport Prague runway 24, which is the most used runway at this airport. Evaluated mitigation measures are increased glide slope angle, curved approach, two-segment approach and displaced threshold. Based on MATLAB modelling, these measures are compared and the best one is chosen.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Vojtěch, V.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 6 (2), p. 6-9), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The article presents a method that allows achieved the greater completeness of the record during the reconstruction of emitted SSR transponder messages captured by terrestrial receivers. The method is based on a fusion of records from several ground-based receivers. The second part of the article presents and evaluates the results achieved using this method on the network of the low-cost ADS-B receivers in the Department of Air Transport, Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences. Some inevitable phenomena are demonstrated that this measurement method brings.
DOI:
10.14311/MAD.2018.02.01
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; prof. Ing. Věra Voštová, CSc.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Roman Matyáš, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, New Trends in Civil Aviation, Leiden, CRC Press/Balkema), p. 255-259), ISBN 978-0-8153-7602-6
Anotace:
EUROCONTROL member states approach to address the implementation of instrument procedures at uncontrolled aerodromes using GNSS is not uniform. Two basic concepts can be identified, namely the implementation of IFR procedures on instrument runways and the implementation of so-called Cloud Break Procedures. For these concepts, their pros and cons are determined. Thereafter, an analysis of the attitude of EUROCONTROL member states to implement these approaches is performed. It can be deducted from the results that, despite the unity of Europe, each state is autonomous and solves the operation in its own way. This situation is a major obstacle to the development of aviation in Europe, as there is no single path to be followed.
DOI:
10.1201/9781351238649-43
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Ing. Tereza Topková, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, MATEC Web of Conferences, Les Ulis Cedex A, EDP Sciences - Web of Conferences), ISSN 2261-236X
Anotace:
The SSR Mode S technology is currently one of the major means of surveillance in ATM. Addressed surveillance enables the elicitation of replies from Mode S transponder on board of an aircraft containing different flight informatio n in the so-called BDS registers. The type of BDS register as well as its content is characterised by a number of the BDS registers which is determined according to SSR interrogation by default. The study deals with the development of a heuristic algorithm for identification of a particular BDS register with the assumption that the radar query is unknown. A BDS number is assigned to the appropriate message on the basis of the unique bit sequences and other criteria. The algorithm provides the opportunity to obtain various flight data from the aircraft by only receiving addressed surveillance replies on 1090 MHz frequency.
DOI:
10.1051/matecconf/201823401006
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, BulTrans-2018 Proceedings, Sofia, Technical University Academic Publishing House), p. 47-50), ISSN 1313-955X
Anotace:
This article dissertates about problems which shall be taken into account during the placement of the GNSS jamming detector. Our article is part of the work on the project to develop detector of GNSS jamming usable for securing of an aerodrome area. The main ability of the detector is to identify and found source or either jamming or spoofing of GNSS signal. The planned usage is mainly on airports which use GNSS either for ground operations or PBN approaches. The need to protect the large area with one detector represents the problem in terms of detector positioning. To ensure the best possible probability to capture the jamming signal is the position of the detector essential. Several aspects which may strongly influence the ideal position of the detector were identified and best practice is discussed.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.; Ing. Petr Lukeš; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, TRANSPORT MEANS 2018 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22nd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 391-394), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
An aeronautical surveillance infrastructure in technologically developed regions is primarily based on cooperative systems. A core part of the infrastructure consists of Secondary Surveillance Radars (SSR), Multilateration systems (MLAT) and an Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). Due to the inherent nature of the cooperative technologies, the on-board transponders and the 1030/1090 MHz frequencies are shared among all the systems. The collective usage combined with growing air traffic and the necessity for extracting downlink airborne parameters using Mode S result in large demands on RF spectrum and on the on-board equipment. The increasing occupancy goes hand in hand with increasing probability of an interrogation interference. The prospect of a surveillance information loss highlights the need to analyse and possibly predict the behaviour of 1030/1090 MHz environment by air navigation service providers. This paper focuses on a plausibility of approximating the SSR Mode S (selective) interrogation sequences in multi-radar coverage to a Pure Aloha protocol which incorporates a mutual independence of radar systems and an interrogation retransmission. The feasibility of the approximation is evaluated using simulation of a typical interrogation sequence while analysing the Mode S transponder throughput. The Pure Aloha model parameters to fit the selected interrogation sequence are devised.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, TRANSPORT MEANS 2018 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22nd INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Kaunas University of Technology), p. 311-314), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
The paper deals with the mapping of an area behind the secondary surveillance radar mode S (SSR Mode S) operational (surveillance) coverage where the power level of interrogations is still above the triggering level of the on-board transponders. The goal was to find out the size of these areas in a real environment and the aspects which can affect their proportions. The method was based on the ground receiving of aircraft replies that contain an identification of the radar by which they were excited. A more detailed statistical description of these areas has significant implication into further activities as far as 1090 MHz RF band pollution alleviation is concerned.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2018, New Trends in Civil Aviation, Leiden, CRC Press/Balkema), p. 65-69), ISBN 978-0-8153-7602-6
Anotace:
The 1090 MHz radio-frequency band is the key band used by cooperative surveillance systems in the aviation. The various types of surveillance systems and different modes of its operation has significant influence to the frequency band load. The article analyses the contributions of particular types of systems based on measurement of replies emitted by on-board transponders in the airspace of the Czech Republic region. The types of messages that the most negatively contribute to the load of the band were identified. The downlink format 11 messages have been identified as the most problematic in terms of their benefits and quantities. The source of existences of their large number is shown in the article and outlined potential steps that could help to mitigation the amount of such replies are identified. On the other hand there is explained how these messages can be successfully used to get an independent overview of the SSR Mode S radar operational coverage.
DOI:
10.1201/9781351238649-11
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf. (Scopus)

Autoři:
Tési, S.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2017, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 5 (3), p. 6-12), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
There is lack of available statistical data in the field of quality indicators in ADS-B messages, particularly in Czech airspace. Quality indicators in the ADS-B message define if this message can be used by ATM applications. This article is devoted to the analysis of quality indicators in the ADS-B messages. The data collected in the Czech airspace during six months were analysed. These data were statistically evaluated. The main objective is the statistical evaluation of the data and comparing them with quality requirements in Europe. The article deals with results of the statistics and assessment of the level of quality. Results are satisfactory and similar to the results published by EUROCONTROL and FAA. According to the examined data, 86.42% of them meets the EASA requirements in RAD environment. As ADS-B is not mandatory yet, it is possible to state that these results are satisfying.
DOI:
10.14311/MAD.2017.03.01
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Hrabík, H.; Nesvadba, M.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2017, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 5 (1), p. 17-21), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The article describes the proposed methodology for performance evaluation of Pre-Departure Sequencing tools. Pre-departure management delivers optimal traffic flow to the runway by route planning and accurate taxi time forecasts. Firstly, a Pre-Departure Sequencer Start-Up Manager (SUM) used by Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic (ANS CZ) at Vaclav Havel Airport Prague (LKPR) is mentioned. The main parts deal with the proposed methodology for performance evaluation of Start-Up Manager. The methodology uses several indicators to evaluate the performance. The methodology utilizes time milestones introduced in Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) concept. It focuses especially on aircraft pre-departure sequencing processes. Methodology was tested on the Start-Up Manager used by Air Navigation Services (ANS) of the Czech Republic at Vaclav Havel Airport Prague (LKPR). Achieved performance results and its credibility in accordance with the proposed methodology are presented and discussed in the final part of this paper.
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2017, TRANSPORT MEANS 2017 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE, Kaunas, Technical University), p. 286-290), ISSN 1822-296X
Anotace:
The worldwide radio frequency band 1030/1090 MHz is used to support cooperative aeronautical surveillance systems such as secondary surveillance radars (SSR), automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B), multilateration systems (MLAT), and airborne collision avoidance systems (ACAS). The continuous requirements for growth of transmissions makes this band very congested in the high-density airspace. In the paper there are presented the results of measurement from the area of the Czech Republic, the most significant sources of RF pollution are identified and the possible solution to mitigation of RF band congestion are discussed. The method of the measurement is based on the ground receivers which enables time unbounded measurement and more cost effective solution compare to flight measurement, but on the other hand such approach has other specifics and limitations. The possibilities of overcoming some of that limitations are described in this paper.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z prestižní konf.

Autoři:
Černý, P.; Nesvadba, M.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2016, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 4 (20), p. 16-20), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
This article describes the Electronic Flight Strip System used at Václav Havel Airport Prague and presents the results of an analysis of the clearance input from ATCOs. The outcomes indicate that various clearances are frequently issued together in a common time frame, usually depending on the traffic flow structure. The focus then moves towards the implementation of the TAXI milestone into the Start-Up Manager. The used statistic methods indicate that the amount of TTOT recalculations after AOBT decreases, but not significantly. However, the accuracy of TTOT after TAXI clearance is considerably better. The mean and most common deviation of ATOT from TTOT after the implementation of TAXI milestone is -1 minute. The results are challenged and confirmed by a further analysis of the TTOT-ATOT difference regarding individual stand/RWY pairs. The results may be used to adjust the assumed taxi times.
DOI:
10.14311/MAD.2016.20.03
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2016, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2016, Žilina, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině Fakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov), p. 69-72), ISBN 978-80-554-1252-8
Anotace:
Secondary surveillance radars (SSR) form the backbone of cooperative surveillance infrastructure for civil air traffic service providers in Europe today. The paper presents a method which enables to detect the real SSR coverage redundancy for particular place of an airspace. The method is based on an analysis of passive reception of messages which are emitted by the onboard SSR transponder during fly over of the given space.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

Autoři:
Zach, M.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2015, Aeronautika 15, Lublin, Lublin University of Technology), p. 113-117), ISBN 978-83-7947-149-2
Anotace:
The article is about evaluating the probability of successfulreception of a “low-cost” ADS-B receiver. A knowledge of theprobability is necessary for deciding if the receiver can be used as apart of a multilateration system. Further, there is statisticallycalculated probability of the reception on multiple receivers whichis critical for the MLAT systems.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2015, Aeronautika 15, Lublin, Lublin University of Technology), p. 97-103), ISBN 978-83-7947-149-2
Anotace:
The efficiency of the cooperative surveillance systems may beconsiderably limited by the excessive use of the dedicated radiofrequencies. The article describes a software approach to estimationof the radiofrequency 1090 MHz loading and re-interrogation rate.Based on MATLAB/Simulink, the program models the impact of thesecondary radar interrogations, ACAS, and ADS-B technologies onthe frequency loading. In the text, the general program design ispresented including the configuration settings necessary for itsapplication. The model outputs are then compared to thereal-measurement results.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Hospodka, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2015, ISBN 978-80-01-05824-4
Anotace:
Monografie shrnuje vliv letecké dopravy na atmosféru, důležitý pro otto odvětví nejen z ekonomického hlediska. Jelikož letectví je v Evropské unii zapojeno do systému EU ETS pro obchodování s emisemi, věnuje se kniha i postupu začlenění dopravců do tohto systému. Popisuje všechny povinnosti leteckého provozovatele i způsoby, jak je naplnit. Autoři také analyzují vlivy leteckých emisí na atmosféru, především emisí skleníkových plynů a aerosolů. Zvláštní pozornost věnují kondenzačním stopám letadel a tvorbě cirrovité oblačnosti a jejich dopadům na radiační bilanci Země.
Typ:
Vědecká kniha česky

Autoři:
Angelis, J.; Frei, J.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2014, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 2 (10), p. 8-12), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The purpose of this article is the evaluation of data from BDS registers of aircraft transponders with the focus to calculate wind speed and wind direction. First part of this article focusses on BDS registers and method of calculating wind values from data of secondary surveillance radars obtained from Air Navigation Services of the Czech Republic. Evaluation and comparison of the calculated data with the real values of the wind is stated in the second part of the article.
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2014, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2014, Brno, Akademické nakladatelství CERM), p. 29-31), ISBN 978-80-7204-891-5
Anotace:
The paper describe the analysis that investigated the probability of receiving an uncorrupted Modes S message based on Cyclic Redundant Check (CRC) algorithm. The measurement was performed on the real data record from the receivers of multilateration system (P3D-WS LKPR) in the Czech Republic.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Tomáš Lipták, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2014, Perner's Contacts, 9 (4), p. 66-73), ISSN 1801-674X
Anotace:
Nowadays, the load of 1090 MHz frequency represents a key factor determining the quality of surveillance application in terms of air traffic control. Although there is an intention to provide more surveillance data on 1090 MHz, an uncontrolled access to the frequency is one of the aspects limiting to do so. In fact, with an increasing number of transmitted messages, the loss of information during the decoding on receipt is more probable due to the garbling or overlapping effect. Firstly, this text will discuss the use of the radio frequency of 1090 MHz with regard to the aeronautical traffic. Then, it will represent an approach to radio frequency load measurement using computer based modelling. Finally, model RFLM 2014 that was created will be described in a greater detail together with results for a FIR of the Czech Republic.
Typ:
Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2014, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2014, Brno, Akademické nakladatelství CERM), p. 79-81), ISBN 978-80-7204-891-5
Anotace:
This article focuses on the influence of safety culture in individual countries on the strictness of their aviation regulations. It describes safety culture and shows its influence on the example of the mandatory runway infrastructure of small aerodromes, which have implemented an instrument approach.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2014, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 2 (7), p. 8-12), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The paper describes the process and results achieved during the measurement which was realized with the aim of identify an applicability of MLAT (Multilateration) method by means of using so-called “low-cost” ADS-B receivers. In terms of measurement, ADS-B receivers without GPS time synchronization module was utilized thus specific time synchronization method was required to implement.
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2013, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 1 (2), p. 7-10), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
The paper describes the danger of continuing inevitable growing of transmissions on 1030/1090 MHz RF band and actual efforts for alleviation of RF pollution in the light of development of new technologies.
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Nesvadba, M.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2013, MAD - Magazine of Aviation Development, 1 (3), p. 13-18), ISSN 1805-7578
Anotace:
This article focuses on issues regarding safety nets within A-SMGCS. A different point of view on evaluating the conflict alert function is presented. The given function is studied within the environment of continuation training of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCO) on 3D Tower simulator. During the exercises, the ATCOs are subjected to RWY incursion situations. The outcome is the proposal of methodology to be used to evaluate the performance of conflict alert function as well as the results of the evaluation itself. Conclusions regarding timing of alerts and performance of the conflict alert function as such are issued at the end.
Typ:
Článek v odborném recenzovaném periodiku cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ambrožová, I.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2013, Perner's Contacts, 8 (2), p. 5-14), ISSN 1801-674X
Anotace:
This paper describes possibilities of GBAS installation at the Václav Havel Airport in Prague. It contains possibilities of GBAS utilization at the approach and landing phase of flight, further evaluation of low-visibility conditions at LKPR and especially cost and benefits analysis.
Typ:
Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Ing. Vladimír Plos, Ph.D.; doc. Ing. Peter Vittek, Ph.D.; Duša, T.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Ota Hajzler
Publikováno:
2013, 20th Anniversary of the Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague - Selected Papers, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta dopravní), p. 371-378), ISBN 978-80-01-05320-1
Anotace:
This article focuses on research to extend usage of EGNOS and Galileo. This type of navigation is crucial for expansion of flight procedures without the need for terrestrial radio navigation equipment for general aviation. This transition or change of focus on GA is also described in the article with the main point – safety analysis. The level of risk will be assessed based on data from existing approach systems and it will create comparison with proposed changes in the system.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z fakultní konference cizojazyčně

Autoři:
doc. Ing. Jakub Kraus, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2012, Perner's Contacts, 7 (4), p. 60-66), ISSN 1801-674X
Anotace:
This article analyzes the problem of heavy traffic on small uncontrolled aerodromes, which is not solved and due to this arise emergency situations, and suitability of introducing surveillance monitoring system for AFIS officers to increase safety of general aviation. In this article it is also mentioned appropriate procedure for determining on which aerodromes should be obligatory surveillance system.
Typ:
Článek v periodiku z pozitivního seznamu RVVI cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2011, Aeronautica 11, Košice, Technical University of Košice), p. 1-5), ISBN 978-80-553-0758-9
Anotace:
EFA was developed for easier transmission, processing and retrieval of information both inside the company but also outside the Travel Service via web interface. For example, serves as a resource of informations for handling partners, travel agencies, catering company, ground carrier, Travel Service staff and other cooperating companies. The access to the system is divided into different levels.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf.

Autoři:
Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2011, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2011, Praha, ČVUT v Praze a OSL ČR), p. 117-119), ISBN 978-80-01-04893-1
Anotace:
The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the European Union's policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. The European Commission has taken an important step in preparing for the full inclusion of aviation in the EU's emissions trading system (EU ETS) from 1 January 2012. The European Commission has decided on the historical aviation emissions which will be used to calculate the number of aviation allowances to be available from 2012.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2011, New Trends in Civil Aviation 2011, Praha, ČVUT v Praze a OSL ČR), p. 100-103), ISBN 978-80-01-04893-1
Anotace:
ADS-B is designed to support numerous surveillance airborne and surface applications. Many of the ADS-B Out and ADS-B In applications demand rigorous operational performance requirements specifications especially as far as the transmitted position quality indicators are concerned. Nevertheless significant redefinitions of these indicators have occurred during the last decade of definition phase and implementation process which make it difficult for correct understanding in all aspects.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z mezinár. konf. cizojazyčně

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.; Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2008, Nové trendy v civilním letectví, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta dopravní), p. 58-65), ISBN 978-80-7204-604-1
Anotace:
Redukce úrovně FRUITu vede k mnoha systémovým výhodám, které přinášejí nemalé finanční úspory v přehledové infrastruktuře. Tedy jednou z výzev pro několik příštích let v oblasti přehledové infrastruktury je udržení nízké úrovně FRUITu.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

Autoři:
Ing. Miloš Strouhal, Ph.D.; Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2008, Nové trendy v civilním letectví, Praha, České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta dopravní), p. 194-201), ISBN 978-80-7204-604-1
Anotace:
Systém ToDc patří mezi performance systémy a byl vyvinut společnosti EAG AB (European Aeronautical Group) se sídlem ve Stockholmu. Aplikace ToDc pracuje na principu grafického uživatelského rozhraní na platformě systému Windows 9x/NT/2000. Je využívána letovými posádkami, leteckými dispečery či performance inženýry pro výpočet dat potřebných pro vzlet.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2007, Zvyšovanie bezpečnosti v civilnom a vojenskom letectve - 2007, Žilina, Žilinská univerzita v Žilině Fakulta prevádzky a ekonomiky dopravy a spojov), p. 74-77), ISBN 978-80-8070-665-4
Anotace:
Problematika detekce konfliktního IC
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2006, Nové trendy v civilním letectví 2006 - Sborník příspěvků mezinárodního odborného semináře, Brno, VUT v Brně, Fakulta strojního inženýrství), p. 129-133), ISBN 80-7204-450-8
Anotace:
Článek se věnuje zádladním principům a technikám, jež jsou přijaty k zajištění správné a efektivní funkce sledovací infrastruktury založené na SSR módu S. Hlávní pozornost je věnována metodě, která je užita k vzájemné koordninaci mód S senzorů, známá pod pojmem klastrování.
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky

Autoři:
Ing. Stanislav Pleninger, Ph.D.
Publikováno:
2005, Nové trendy v civilním letectví 2005, Brno, CERM), p. 77-83), ISBN 80-7204-383-8
Anotace:
Implementace módu S v evropském regionu
Typ:
Stať ve sborníku z lokální konf. česky