Department
Department of Transport Engineering (K612)

Urban public transport (PT) operations generate large volumes of inter-stop travel time observations from AVL/GNSS systems. These data underpin “typical” travel-time baselines used in monitoring, planning, anomaly detection, and KPI reporting. A common assumption in applied studies is that the empirical distributions of observed inter-stop travel times can be described by a single parametric distribution (typically normal, lognormal, or gamma), which implicitly treats variability as unimodal noise and leads to biased baselines and performance measures. This paper argues that for many inter-stop segments, this assumption is systematically violated because observations arise from regime mixing (e.g., uncongested vs. saturated signal cycles, varying dwell-time interactions, and recurrent congestion), producing multi-modal empirical distributions. We propose a regime-aware baseline framework centered on (i) explicit multi-modality diagnostics and (ii) parsimonious finite-mixture / regime representations that separate recurrent operational states and demonstrate its advantages against single-distribution models (normal/lognormal/gamma) using likelihood-based criteria and dedicated multi-modality tests. Using AVL-derived public transport data from three Czech cities — Pilsen, Brno, and the Prague metropolitan area (part of PID interurban bus services) — we quantify the prevalence of statistically significant multi-modality in inter-stop travel-time distributions. We demonstrate that conventional single-distribution baselines often systematically misrepresent typical conditions, distort segment rankings, and obscure recurrent operational regimes that are directly relevant for performance assessment and planning.

Shared spaces are intended to accommodate pedestrians, cyclists and motorists on equal terms, yet practitioners still lack an operational tool for translating pedestrian–vehicle interactions into clear capacity limits. This study closes that gap by proposing a density-based delay model that expresses instantaneous vehicle speed as a function of local pedestrian concentration. The four free parameters of the model are calibrated with a genetic algorithm against a bank of pedestrian-vehicle scenarios generated in PTV VISSIM, allowing the analytical formulation to emulate the full microsimulation surface. Once calibrated, the model collapses rich interaction dynamics into an ‘-curve’—an envelope of pedestrian- and vehicle-flow pairs that preserves an acceptable average delay. The workflow is demonstrated on a Prague retail parking lot and shown to reproduce the observed balance between comfort, safety and throughput. By turning hours of simulation into a single design-ready curve, the framework offers planners a lightweight, reproducible means to size or retrofit low-speed shared zones and provides a foundation for further empirical and methodological extensions.

This paper deals with the definition of the basic characteristics of stations with level access island platforms (access via pedestrian crossing). It describes the approach to legislation on this topic in selected Central European countries. It then presents five solutions from different countries and evaluates their design. It concludes with some recommendations based on the experience of the railway stations examined.

Evaluation and prioritization of public transport infrastructure remain pivotal challenges for urban planners and transport agencies. Traditional Level of Service (LoS) metrics, while useful, often overlook the compounded impacts of delays on passengers, particularly on heavily used transport corridors. This paper introduces the "ManHours (M-H) Factor", a novel evaluation metric that integrates vehicle operational data, travel time deviations, and passenger occupancy to quantify the potential cumulative burden of delays on passenger time. Using Manhattan’s and Kaohsiung’s public bus network as a case study, the methodology uses extensive data, including GPS-based travel times and hourly passenger counts, to recalibrate LoS metrics and identify high-priority interstop sections for intervention. The results reveal significant man-hour savings potential in select inter-stop sections and demonstrate how Man-Hours (M-H) Factor shifts prioritization to heavily utilized routes, offering a more equitable and actionable framework for decision-making. By incorporating passenger-centric metrics, this study provides a scalable, data-driven approach to the evaluation and planning of transport infrastructure, with broad implications for sustainable and equitable urban mobility systems.

Designing public transport services in suburban and peripheral areas requires balancing route efficiency, service quality, and social accessibility. While several indices exist to evaluate route directness and level of service, their interpretation under low and heterogeneous demand conditions often leads to ambiguous planning conclusions. This paper examines how operational performance indicators and route-quality measures behave under varying demand assumptions and how they can be translated into decision-relevant insights. Using a case study of selected radial bus routes, real-world operational data are combined with simulated demand scenarios to analyze the sensitivity of passenger-weighted route deviation measures and travel-time–based service indicators. The results show that identical route configurations may yield conflicting quality assessments depending on passenger exposure, highlighting a structural efficiency–equity dilemma. To address this issue, a refined passenger-weighted route deviation indicator is introduced as a penalty-oriented, policy-aware diagnostic tool. Combined with operational reliability measures, the proposed approach supports transparent decisions on route restructuring, infrastructure investment, and the use of demand-responsive services.

Traditional road safety analysis relies on static annual reports and absolute accident counts, limiting stakeholders' ability to perform dynamic risk identification across different temporal periods and evaluation perspectives. This study addresses these limitations by developing an interactive dashboard for comprehensive road safety analysis through integration of multiple public datasets using KNIME, QGIS, and Tableau Public. Applied to a part of the Central Bohemian region, a critical area characterized by high traffic volumes and severe accident statistics due to its location surrounding Prague, the framework demonstrates how fragmented data sources can be synthesized into an accessible analytical tool. The methodology encompasses a multi-stage data processing approach where raw car accident data and traffic intensity data undergo pre-processing in KNIME, a spatial analysis phase in QGIS integrates OpenStreetMap data with the official traffic-census network, and the final visualization in Tableau Public offers multiple linked views through four evaluation metrics - the absolute accident count, the Relative Accident Rate (RAR), the Relative Safety Index (RSI), and the Integral indicator of Total Societal Losses (H). Of the 9,325 accidents recorded in the Central Bohemian region in 2023, 4,408 fall on the 643 classified road segments analyzed (1,062 of them with personal injury); the analysis reveals that high-risk segment identification varies substantially with the chosen metric - a finding obscured in conventional single-metric reports. Methodological robustness is established through three components: (i) a buffer-size sensitivity analysis (10, 15, 20 m) setting the 15 m matching radius to the 95th percentile of accident displacement, with per-segment results insensitive to the choice (ρ ≥ 0.97); (ii) a Spearman rank-correlation analysis of the metrics (with bootstrap confidence intervals and Kendall's W), showing that they span complementary dimensions while the two severity indicators (RSI and H) capture the same dimension; and (iii) a reproducible TOPSIS multi-criteria ranking of hazardous segments that avoids double-counting the correlated severity indicators (RSI and H). By utilizing open-source tools and public data, the framework provides a potentially scalable, cost-effective solution for road safety management, which may be transferable to other regions and extensible to additional indicators, subject to future practical validation.

The aim of this article is to introduce the issue of suitability of hydrogen powering railway vehicles in the Czech Republic in greater detail. The hydrogen consumption, hydrogen powered railway vehicle range as well as purity of hydrogen, infrastructure of the hydrogen production and economic aspects are discussed in the paper. Finally, it seems that hydrogen powered vehicles are not suitable for operation in the Czech Republic.

The study provides an expert basis for decision-making by the contracting authority on the future development and strategic use of railway lines 110 (Kralupy nad Vltavou – Slaný – Louny) and 124 (Lužná u Rakovníka – Žatec) within the regional public transport system. It evaluates their transport demand potential with regard to regular commuting patterns, infrastructure and operational characteristics, opportunities for adjustments to the service concept, and the economic efficiency of the proposed measures, both in terms of infrastructure interventions and the organization of rail and connecting bus services. The objective is to identify operationally feasible and economically justified options for the further development of both lines.

This paper presents a novel data-driven framework for identifying and quantifying urban mobility signatures using long-term parking transaction data. Leveraging a longitudinal dataset spanning 97 months and over 221,000 observations across 222 parking installations, we move beyond aggregate occupancy metrics to uncover latent behavioral archetypes. We employ an unsupervised watershed transform to segment the arrival-duration density space, successfully isolating seven distinct mobility signatures ranging from high-turnover utility visits to multi-day vehicle storage. These discovered behaviors serve as dependent variables in a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model designed to evaluate policy sensitivity. Our results demonstrate that pricing acts as a significant structural filter, with a strong negative coefficient (β=−1.1215,p<0.001) for workday commuting, effectively shifting facility composition toward highervelocity urban utility. Furthermore, the model reveals a critical dependency on infrastructure, where proximity to the public transport backbone significantly suppresses long-term vehicle idling (β=1.0526 for transit distance). This research provides a robust, GDPR-compliant methodology for urban planners to transition from reactive monitoring to proactive, signature-based policy design, enabling more efficient utilization of existing urban infrastructure without intrusive tracking technologies.

Planning efficient tram schedules for municipal transportation presents significant challenges, often relying on time-consuming manual methods that struggle with network changes and complexity. This paper introduces a genetic algorithm-based heuristic approach to automate and optimize tram timetabling. The heuristic was evaluated on three selected subsets of the Prague tram network with different size. The largest example is a problem potentially computationally infeasible for nonheuristic approaches due to its vast combinatorial space. Results demonstrate that the proposed heuristic significantly accelerates the scheduling process, improves service levels by optimizing vehicle distribution and minimizing wait times, and reduces manual effort, offering a more efficient and adaptable tool for municipal transport planning.

Current methods for diagnosing the quality of the railway superstructure are mainly based on optical sensors, which are relatively expensive compared to acoustic sensors. As part of the HLUKOS research project, a pair of microphones is installed near the wheel-rail contact point on a diagnostic vehicle of the Railway Administration (Czech railway infrastructure manager). The research task is to detect when the sound level changes significantly. A likelihood ratio method has been used in this paper to detect abrupt changes, which is a current scientific topic. Experiments with different input thresholds are performed on a sample of 250 m of track data. Initial experimental results show that this method is meaningfully able to detect locations of abrupt changes with input threshold values h = 4.58 and number of steps from N = 5 to N = 40.

The paper presents the problem of measuring noise emissions at the wheel-rail interface using the method developed in the HLUKOS (Dynamic Opto-Acoustic Method for Railway Superstructure Emission Noise Assessment) project. It presents the results of the correlation between explanatory variables and it also draws attention to the not entirely favourable results of the analysis of the measured data so far and the need to categorise the data according to operational and infrastructure criteria.

The paper presents the problem of measuring noise emissions at the wheel-rail in-terface using the method developed in the HLUKOS (Dynamic Opto-Acoustic Method for Railway Superstructure Emission Noise Assessment) project. Based on the theory of railway vehicle noise, it presents the state of the art of the re-search project in terms of requirements for data acquisition equipment (micro-phones placed in the undercarriage of railway vehicles), evaluation of the cap-tured data and their subsequent application. It presents the results of the correla-tion between explanatory variables and the testing of mixed regression models. It also draws attention to the not entirely favourable results of the analysis of the measured data so far and the need to categorise the data according to operational and infrastructure criteria.

This paper focuses on variant configurations of platforms in railway stations on lines of regional importance. An overview of the solutions used in selected European countries is presented. Then, for each standardised solution, its compliance with both European and national legislation is examined. This compliance is compared between the countries examined, and selected solutions are recommended for further investigation of their characteristics.

This paper presents current findings in the design of a decision support tool focused on selecting the optimal configuration of platforms at a railway station served mainly by regional transport.

The aim of this article is to introduce an issue that has not yet been addressed in our region—the fire hazards of BEMU units. The methodology of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic vehicles was used to establish the basic procedure for extinguishing batteries in railway passenger coaches.

The study focuses on the assessment and comparison of possible terminal locations on the planned high-speed rail (HSR) line Prague–Brno in the area of the towns Velká Bíteš and Velké Meziříčí in the Vysočina Region. It analyzes two main options: a combination of an HSR terminal in Velké Meziříčí with a stop Velká Bíteš–Nové Sady, or the construction of a single HSR terminal Velká Bíteš–Košíkov. The evaluation is based on the accessibility and serviceability of the region, including proposed adjustments to rail and bus services, line intervals, and connections. The study compares the transport, operational, and infrastructural benefits and disadvantages of both variants and provides recommendations for further development of regional transport services.

The subject of this article is the presentation of the results of a questionnaire survey, which serves as a basis for the development of a decision-making mechanism designed to assess whether a particular railway line is more suitable for electrification or for the deployment of battery electric multiple units.

Transit traffic, vehicles that traverse a study area without stopping, can significantly distort origin-destination matrices and compromise the effectiveness of traffic planning. This paper presents a refined statistical algorithm designed to isolate transit traffic from matched license plate data derived from ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition) surveys. Building upon a previously validated method based on travel time distributions and outlier detection, we apply the algorithm to a real-world case study in Prague-Zbraslav. The results confirm the algorithm’s practical effectiveness, highlighting its utility in refining origin-destination matrices and supporting data-informed urban mobility decisions.

V průběhu 19. století se do podoby české krajiny začaly propisovat mimo jiné i první moderní liniové stavby v podobě železničních tratí. Ve svém rozmachu, při budování své sítě, postihly rovněž některé historické hradní lokality. Příspěvek přináší základní přehled historických a technických souvislostí budování železniční sítě v Čechách v konfrontaci s příklady hradních lokalit, které železnice zejména svojí výstavbou ovlivnila.

A greener, safer, and more connected Kutaisi, where sustainable mobility empowers all citizens, enhances quality of life, and supports a thriving, livable urban environment.

Komplexní dopravní průzkum ve veřejné části Letiště Václava Havla Praha 2025 (dále jen „KDP25“) navazuje na obdobné průzkumy realizované v letech 2006 až 2022. Cílem KDP25 bylo zjištění aktuálního stavu dopravy ve veřejné části areálu Letiště Václava Havla (dále jen „letiště“) a následné porovnání zjištěných hodnot s výsledky z předchozích průzkumů.

The paper deals with the modernisation of the railway line Budapest – Belgrade, which is connected with the increase of the line speed to 200 km/h in the Serbian section and 160 km/h in the Hungarian section. It summarises significance of modernisation, technical parameters, and the progress of the works. The article also describes the controversies that accompanied the construction on both sides of the border.

The paper deals with the modernisation of the railway line Budapest – Belgrade, which is connected with the increase of the line speed to 200 km/h in the Serbian section and 160 km/h in the Hungarian section. It summarises significance of modernisation, technical parameters, and the progress of the works. The article also describes the controversies that accompanied the construction on both sides of the border.

The study deals with the possibilities of introducing battery-powered railway units (BEMU) on selected lines in the Ústí nad Labem Region and the related necessary modifications of the railway infrastructure, in particular electrification of lines and establishment of charging points in accordance with the Concept of Development of Electric Traction in the Czech Republic. The deployment of BEMU vehicles was envisaged in three phases - from 2029, 2031 and 2032. As part of the solution, the travel times, other technological times and the necessary vehicle charging times were technologically examined. The solution also included proposal of specific infrastructure improvements.

The subject of this article is the proposal of a decision-support tool for determining whether or not to continuously electrify a specific railway section. The preliminary tool is based on a decision diagram and multi-criteria evaluation. Parameters for assessment have been proposed in the current state.

The Valaliky Strategic Territory near Košice represents the most significant economic and transport stimulus for the region in recent decades. A new important destination – the Volvo CARS car factory – has the potential to fundamentally influence transport links in the wider region. This paper deals with alternative proposals for the operational concept of passenger rail transport in the area, with an emphasis on serving the Valaliky Strategic Territory and utilizing the available infrastructure – line No. 109B, which, in addition to providing transport for employees of the industrial park, would also contribute to the development of regional mobility through integration with other modes of transport and strengthen the role of rail as a key element of urban rapid transport.

Studie se zabývá regionální železniční dopravou v Moravskoslezském kraji s výhledem po roce 2029 a 2031. Zohledňuje navýšení rozsahu dopravy, generační obměnu vozového parku a konsolidaci provozních souborů. V oblasti železničních vozidel je kladen zvýšený zřetel na alternativní pohony s cílem dekarbonizace regionální železniční dopravy. S ohledem na jejich reálné provozní možnosti, stabilitu provozních souborů, operativitu provozu a atraktivitu pro dopravce (roz. podání nabídky) jsou dále zvažovány dva provozní soubory, a to Beskydy 2 (dále v tomto dokumentu) a Bruntálsko 2. Oba soubory jsou výrazně ovlivněny a zároveň podmíněny investicemi do infrastruktury. Jedná se především o zdvoukolejnění železničních tratí a s tím plynoucího zvýšení kapacity dráhy, elektrizaci traťových úseků umožňujících rozvoj provozu EMU i BEMU, konverzi napájecí soustavy i postupné zavádění výhradního provozu ETCS.

Studie se zabývá regionální železniční dopravou v Moravskoslezském kraji s výhledem po roce 2029 a 2031. Zohledňuje navýšení rozsahu dopravy, generační obměnu vozového parku a konsolidaci provozních souborů. V oblasti železničních vozidel je kladen zvýšený zřetel na alternativní pohony s cílem dekarbonizace regionální železniční dopravy. S ohledem na jejich reálné provozní možnosti, stabilitu provozních souborů, operativitu provozu a atraktivitu pro dopravce (roz. podání nabídky) jsou dále zvažovány dva provozní soubory, a to Beskydy 2 a Bruntálsko 2 (dále v tomto dokumentu). Oba soubory jsou výrazně ovlivněny a zároveň podmíněny investicemi do infrastruktury. Jedná se především o zdvoukolejnění železničních tratí a s tím plynoucího zvýšení kapacity dráhy, elektrizaci traťových úseků umožňujících rozvoj provozu EMU i BEMU, konverzi napájecí soustavy i postupné zavádění výhradního provozu ETCS.

Rail passenger transport is not only used to satisfy the daily needs of residents, especially when commuting to work or school, but can also serve very well in supporting tourism and travel. There are even areas and numerous cases in which the railway has lost its role in daily service of the region and is used exclusively to support tourism. This often means at least a symbolic, but still reasonable use of infrastructure that would otherwise have no purpose, and thus does not lead to its cancellation. Tourist or nostalgic lines are thus provided on significant parts of the railway infrastructure (often almost otherwise or not used at all), which often serve passengers very well and also ensure the specific needs of public transport services in selected regions. The aim of this article is to first focus on a basic description of these services provided within the Czech Republic and to show the wider professional public with them. An equally effective goal is to present specific projects financed or contributed to by the Pilsen Region, as part of the Nostalgic Lines 2024 and 2025 project, and to share some experience.

Souhrnným pokrytím informací o plánovaných projektech a akcích se zabývá tento dokument. Obsahuje strukturovaný a přehledný výčet infrastrukturních a organizačních projektů v oblasti dopravy, u kterých lze očekávat možný vliv na strategické rozhodování a rozvoj města Slaný. Výčet je sestaven na základě rešerše dostupných veřejných (příp. neveřejných) zdrojů a na základě konzultací s dotčenými investory (správci apod.) a případně dalšími souvisejícími subjekty (institucemi).

The subject of the study is the effectiveness of high-visibility clothing used by emergency medical services and police units. Field tests have shown that in complex situations, such as city streets lit by streetlamps, this clothing does not provide sufficient protection in certain cases. The placement of retroreflective elements on the uniform, especially on the trouser legs, appears to be a critical factor. Furthermore, the positive influence of a new multiplicative function considering the color quality of lighting on the predictive ability of the modified Adrian model was verified.

On the eastern side of the linear barrier of the railway station, there is a typical station avenue, which generously connects the city center with the train station. The city of Slaný has decided to offer its residents rail transport, which is advantageous in many respects, as an equivalent alternative to overloaded individual car transport. This is primarily a daily connection with the capital for the purpose of work, study or use of services. Unfortunately, the historical layout of the railway station does not allow for the simple addition of a footbridge or underpass with direct access to individual platforms. Therefore, other ways of making the station area accessible and overcoming it can be considered. It is possible to separate these two topics, or, conversely, to propose a comprehensive, more advantageous scheme for the future of the station. With such a radical change in the use of the railway station area, it is of course necessary to enable users with mobility limitations to overcome the urban barrier. Enabling safe combined movement of pedestrians and cyclists could be described as perfect. This improvement would naturally be connected to the currently consciously emerging system of urban non-motorized transport. Revitalization of the train station building in Slaný. The intention is to modernize the railway station facilities on the entrance floor, convert the upper floor into a guesthouse and use the land. The reconstruction design also aims to reduce the energy consumption of the building and appropriately integrate renewable energy systems. It includes basic computational verification and the concept of selected details in places that visually affect the architectural solution.

This article analyzes traffic conflicts in a parking area in front of a shopping center, which functions similarly to a shared space. The study specifically monitored interactions between pedestrians and vehicles in an environment lacking formal traffic signage and pedestrian crossings. A total of 33 traffic conflicts were documented, with 29 classified as Level 1, involving minor adjustments in speed and direction, and 4 as Level 2, requiring more significant maneuvers and evasive actions. This research highlights the importance of understanding traffic conflicts as a critical aspect of evaluating safety in shared spaces. The findings indicate that even without formal regulations, the area remains safe due to mutual respect and informal communication among users. Over the past five years, only two traffic accidents occurred, underscoring the effectiveness of informal traffic management. This study contributes a valuable perspective on shared space safety and suggests that informal systems can effectively maintain safe interactions between vehicles and pedestrians.

The Pilsen City Transport Service Plan for 2026–2030 is a framework planning document that sets out the expected form of annually ordered public passenger transport services for the specified period, primarily provided on the basis of a contract between the City of Pilsen and PMDP.

The global construction of asphalt pavements is expanding, particularly in developing regions and highly urbanized areas. Bitumen remains the primary material for road and highway construction but rising costs and increasing scarcity are driving the need for more sustainable alternatives. One effective strategy to reduce infrastructure expenses is the incorporation of recycled materials. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) mixes enhance the physical properties of traditional bitumen, with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) being the most commonly used polymer additive. This paper explores the integration of recycled plastic waste into modified bitumen binder. Five different samples are tested using standard bitumen binder evaluation methods, all utilizing the same base binder. The findings indicate that polymer modified bitumen exhibits superior laboratory performance compared to unmodified bitumen.

In today's steadily urbanizing landscape, cities continue to expand at a rapid pace. Alongside the improvement in quality of life, there's a notable increase in the number of private cars. However, the limited capacity of roads in densely populated urban areas remains unchanged. To ensure smooth operation and enhance the quality of public transport as a backbone of urban mobility, the implementation of public transport priority measures is imperative. One such measure is the establishment of dedicated bus lanes. This paper delves into the design options for the endpoint of a dedicated bus lane before an intersection, focusing on the perspective of public transport. Specifically, it examines four different designs for this endpoint, employing simulations conducted through the PTV Vissim program.

We present a comprehensive methodology for a two-step approach to address the task at hand. The first step involves the optimal placement of charging stations, while the second step focuses on determining the necessary capacity of the charging stations based on traffic factors. This methodology is applicable to countries, states, or specific areas where the placement and optimization of charging stations for truck road transport are being considered. We identify the key inputs required for solving such a task. In the results section, we demonstrate the outcomes using a model example for the Czech Republic.

Since 2017, the Plzeň region and its public transport authority POVED have been actively engaged in concluding public service transport contracts so that they are awarded as openly and transparently as possible. All the time, they have cooperated on these activities with several professional entities, for example the Faculty of Transportation Sciences at the Czech Technical University in Prague. In the years 2017-2024, several contracts were concluded, both direct contracting and tendering. There were contracts both successfully completed and several attempts, where the contract with the carrier was not the result (unfortunately), but this fact has brought experience for next contracting and tendering. These experiences, including successful ones, were actively passed on to other public service authorities with an interest in awarding contracts as openly and transparently as possible. This article is primarily an insight into the timeline between 2017 and 2024, the aim of which is to pass on some experience to other interested public transport experts.

This data was provided by the mobile measuring laboratory MobiLab from the Czech Technical University in Prague (https://mobilab.fd.cvut.cz). It presents four data sets with traffic counts measured every minute over a 24-hour period at the following four selected areas in Prague: Stodůlky (September 2021), Barrandov (June 2022), Radlice (September 2022), and Velká Chuchle (October 2022). At each location, 3 to 6 points were chosen where traffic counts were collected in all possible directions along the corresponding road section or intersection. Directions are denoted by numbers 1-4 in the columns of each measured point. This data will be used in the research paper, where detailed information about the traffic counts will be available. References to the paper will be added later.

The paper presents selected results of the project Dynamic Opto-acoustic Method for Railway Superstructure Emission Noise Assessment, carried out by EKOLA group Ltd and CTU in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences. The project proposes a new method of emission noise assessment of railway superstructure together with the corresponding instrumentation. The system works on the principle of combining optical and acoustic sensors in the near field of contact of the rail with the wheel of the railway vehicle, which allows to isolate the emission noise of the rolling itself from other phenomena causing noise during the running of the vehicle. This makes it possible to analyse and evaluate the acoustic emission of the superstructure itself and to continuously, systematically and non-invasively monitor the quality of the superstructure in the section to be traversed, including noise trends.

This document reviews the current state of preparation for electrification and conversion of the traction system on the railway network in the Czech Republic. It also examines the possibility of using BEMUs on long-distance transport lines contracted by the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic and determines the amount of measures that would have to be applied on these lines in advance to enable the operation of these units.

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating platform configuration on lines with low-density traffic where platforms are accessible via pedestrian level crossing. It also gives an example of the application of this methodology.

This article embarks on a detailed examination of the square Dolní Náměstí in the town of Odolená Voda, concentrating on the implications of implementing shared spaces from perspectives of safety and traffic management. In the study advanced surveillance technologies were employed to systematically document the movements of a variety of road users, serving to pinpoint potential conflict zones. This designation underscores the necessity to reassess urban design and traffic control strategies to meet modern safety standards. Efforts were directed towards aligning urban infrastructure with pedestrian movement patterns, aiming to diminish safety risks and augment accessibility. The study hypothesizes that certain strategic alterations in urban design, such as the realignment of pedestrian pathways and the imposition of vehicle speed controls, could considerably improve the quality of shared spaces. Central to this research is the ambition to forge a new methodological framework for assessing the capacity of shared spaces mathematically. This initiative seeks to fill a significant research gap by quantitatively evaluating the capacity of shared spaces to fulfil a varied set of urban mobility requirements. This framework aims to establish a foundation for the systematic appraisal and enhancement of shared spaces. Recommendations for urban planners and traffic engineers are presented, promoting a design strategy that merges pedestrian preferences with traffic management objectives to cultivate safer, more efficient, and universally accessible urban areas. These recommendations endeavor to steer the evolution of shared spaces towards a harmonious balance of user needs. This work aims to make a substantive contribution to urban planning, traffic management, and pedestrian safety domains, paving the way for future exploratory studies and practical deployments in shared space advancements. It emphasizes the critical need to integrate both vehicular and pedestrian considerations into urban design processes, striving to create urban spaces conducive to sustainable mobility and improved urban living standards.

This paper presents a developed methodology for the assessment of platform configurations on railway lines with lower traffic intensity, especially regional railways. It focuses on station configurations where passengers have access to the platform either via a level crossing or where there are no pedestrian routes crossing the tracks. Different types of such station solutions are presented, and the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions are described. The application of this methodology is then presented with examples.

The aim of the study is to prepare an independent expert assessment of the double-tracking of the Opatovice n. L.-Pohřebačka - Hradec Králové hl. n. line section. The expert assessment emphasises the passage of the routes proposed by these projects through the built-up area along Opatovická Street in Hradec Králové, bounded by the existing level crossings in Prokopa Holého and Bezručova Streets, especially in connection with the local double row avenue of horse chestnut trees.

The final report for the year 2024 describes the results of the work on the project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic No. CK03000099 Dynamic opto-acoustic method of evaluating the emission noise of railway superstructure for the year 2024. It consists mainly of a description of the fulfilment of the objectives and achieved results of the project for the year 2024.

The paper focuses on the impact of rail transport on the development of settlements. In the introduction, general perspectives and historical context are mentioned. In the following sections, the impact of rail transport on residential suburbanisation is documented using selected model sites. The Dolní Berounka micro-region was chosen as a model area, where the influence of the railway is very pronounced and where the railway corridor is currently being modernised, which brings additional challenges.

This study analyses the impact of a priority measure on the quality of public transport in the city of Pilsen. This measure is based on the closure of Americká Street to car traffic because there were frequent congestions and public transport vehicles were getting high delays. Simultaneously, this study uses the newly developed Quality of Public Transport Operation Evaluation Method and explores whether the Method is also a suitable tool for these types of studies.

The aim of this article is to find a path to the best algorithm for Establishment of ideal parameters of railway lines reconstructions that means to find the best group of parameters, which are going to fit the needs of individual connection.

Effective transport planning, utilizing available data to promote sustainable modes of transportation, is a fundamental aspect of the Smart City concept. This paper introduces an optimization of the the level-of-service-based evaluation method for quality of public transport operation, which assesses reliability and travel speed/time. Although initially introduced in 2017, the method lacked a sufficient sample of data from diverse transport networks for testing. Subsequently, with the acquisition of such data, extensive testing became feasible, leading to the method's optimization for improved reliability and practical usability.

The aim of the study was to investigate the possibilities of extending the operation of portable devices designed to monitor road traffic during short-term measurements, while keeping handling and installation simple. Of interest were the specific possibilities of using photovoltaic (PV) panels to extend the operation of measuring devices. The use of solar energy is assumed to achieve a significant extension of device operation by up to 50 %. The methodology of the study involves the interconnection of photovoltaic panels in conjunction with portable devices to achieve sufficient power to extend the operating time. In real operation, the efficiency of photovoltaic panels was evaluated by focusing on analytical procedures. The results of the study can provide advances in road traffic monitoring and offer practical solutions for the efficient and sustainable operation of portable devices.

This paper presents a novel tool for optimising residential parking allocation in urban environments using linear programming techniques. The tool addresses the growing challenge of parking space management in cities by quantifying parking utilisation and accessibility. It employs a unique application of the transport problem from Graph Theory to allocate parking supply to household demand while considering real-world constraints such as walking distances and infrastructure limitations. The methodology involves the pre-processing of supply, demand, and distance matrix data, followed by an optimization process that minimises total walking distance and penalises unmet demand. The tool’s effectiveness is demonstrated through an experiment in the Czech town of Slan´y, showcasing its ability to evaluate current parking situations and assess the impact of potential changes in parking supply. Key outputs include the percentage of satisfied demand, utilization rates of parking supply, and detailed allocation maps. This approach provides urban planners and policymakers with valuable insights for developing efficient and sustainable parking solutions, while also highlighting areas for further research in data preparation and model refinement.

Plán dopravní obslužnosti města Štětí je zpracován na základě zákona č. 194/2010 Sb., o veřejných službách v přepravě cestujících, v platném znění. Cílem plánu dopravní obslužnosti je formulace základních představ města o rozvoji veřejné osobní dopravy na jeho území. Plán dopravní obslužnosti zmiňuje důležité skutečnosti související s dopravní obslužností, jakými jsou demografie, geografie, komunikační síť a problematika smluvních vztahů. Hlavní důraz je kladen na dopravní obslužnost, a to z pohledu kvality dopravy, organizace dopravy, výhledu ekonomického a tarifního, jakožto na významnou složku udržitelné městské mobility. Praktické naplňování plánu je podmíněno stabilním ekonomickým prostředím.

The paper deals with the analysis of the current state of the line with a focus on the transport offer and also alternative connections. Another part of the analytical part is a research of foreign LRT (Light Rail Transit) systems, where the basic principles and technical parameters are analysed. The design part includes the application of LRT using the potential of the line in its current state in variants. It sets out the objectives of the new system and the technical and operational parameters. The variants examine, among other things, the technical feasibility of the application of the LRT system, in particular the routing of the newly proposed urban sections. Finally, the design options are subjected to a multi-criteria decision-making evaluation.

The subject of this article is to check the railway vehicles with the battery (BEMU) on the lines of passenger regional rail transport in the Czech Republic. First, the issue of current operation is described with the use of existing railway vehicles. The possibility of deploying vehicles with the battery into regular operation is also described. The basic method is given for the possibility of determining energy consumption from the traction battery.

The subject of this article is to check the railway vehicles with the battery (BEMU) on the lines of passenger regional rail transport in the Czech Republic. First, the issue of current operation is described with the use of existing railway vehicles. The possibility of deploying vehicles with the battery into regular operation is also described. The basic method is given for the possibility of determining energy consumption from the traction battery.

In connection with the preparation of the investment project "Reconstruction of the railway station Most", the Railway Administration, state organisation represented by the Construction Administration West, requested an independent assessment to examine the new track configuration with a reduction in the number of platforms and their impact on the operational concept in the railway station Most.

The shared zone represents a return to the natural functioning of the street or square as a multifunctional public space where social, economic, residential and transport functions are balanced with each other. It creates conditions for interaction between all users of the space based on the principle of natural human behaviour and mutual consideration, where no mode of transport is superior. Important places in the urban structure can be shaped to reinforce both residential and commercial functions while offering a high quality of space for users.

Technical and legal interpretation of the implementation of the ETCS signalling system (Study of the optimization of railway transport in the company ČEPRO, 3rd stage)

The analysis and planning of suburban traffic flows is an extremely important task to ensure efficient and fluent traffic distribution in existing infrastructure. One of the main sources of this information from existing situations is origin–destination (OD) matrices, usually obtained from traffic CCTV cameras. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the filtration of transit traffic from the overall traffic through the area. The main feature that differentiates this method from existing outlier (and thus transit traffic) detection methods is that it is focused solely on prolonged trips (which are believed to be caused by vehicles stopping in the investigated area). Initial calibration of the method on training data (sample size of N = 216,159 trips through paired detectors) and verification on test data prove the accuracy of the algorithm on the level of 98% in urban and suburban areas, respectively, in Czech Republic conditions, which gives high hopes for the feasibility of the method.

This paper focuses on the relationship between transport and commercial suburbanization. It is this type of suburbanisation, where large-scale shopping and logistics complexes are being built along major transport routes, that greatly influences traffic intensity and contributes to its further induction. The historical context of commercial suburbanisation is mentioned in the introduction of the paper. In the following chapters, the situation in the Czech Republic is described in more detail, documented with concrete examples. Finally, the findings are summarized and recommendations are made to mitigate the negative impacts of commercial suburbanization on the transport network.

This study explores the efficacy and reliability of abbreviated parking surveys within urban settings occurring in the Czech Republic, assessing their utility for municipal planning and the potential for cost efficiency. Central to this investigation is the comparative analysis of data from surveys conducted over the past decade in standard residential areas across various Czech cities. The core objective is to evaluate whether one-day surveys, conducted at four distinct times of day, can effectively measure the prevalence of occasional-use vehicles and gauge their consequent effect on the availability of parking spaces. This research specifically aims to validate the hypothesis that such streamlined survey techniques, despite their brevity, can yield comprehensive and actionable data crucial for urban planning. Results revealing an average unused vehicle rate of 25-33% corroborate the anticipated efficacy of these surveys, underlining their capacity to offer insightful contributions to urban parking strategy development with notable cost benefits. This study not only reaffirms the feasibility of adopting cost-effective and scalable survey methods but also enriches the ongoing dialogue regarding urban mobility, parking policies, and the seamless incorporation of technological innovations into municipal planning.

The study explores the concept of shared space, where no road user is given priority and all users are obliged to respect each other. This paper focuses on the analysis of conflict points in shared spaces, specifically on Náměstí Republiky in Prague. An analysis of the movement of pedestrians, cyclists, public transport vehicles and cars in the square was carried out, including the identification of conflict points and trajectory analysis. The results show how different groups of users move in the space depending on the time of day, and reveal specific stalling points. At the same time, some methodological limitations are also identified, such as the optical perspective distortion caused by camera placement. The results of this analysis can contribute to better planning and design of shared spaces to better meet the needs and preferences of their users.

Public transport priority is a key transport engineering tool for moving towards sustainable urban mobility. This paper explores the design options for an end of a dedicated bus lane ahead of a single lane roundabout, looking for the optimal design from a public transport perspective. Two possible designs of an end of dedicated lane were simulated using the PTV Vissim program. The parameters of average delay of public transport services and number of unnecessary stops of public transport vehicles were evaluated to determine the optimal design and contribute to a quality for public transport operation in practice.

Public transport priority is an essential transport engineering technique for the transitionto sustainable urban mobility. This article presents a case study that simulates the effects ofintroducing a queue jump lane followed by a bus lane beyond an intersection compared to adedicated lane only in the section beyond the intersection (without introducing a queue jump lane).The monitored parameters were speed and reliability of public transport. The simulation wasperformed using the PTV Vissim program. The case study was evaluated in terms of publictransport operation, as well as selected effects on other road traffic with the aim to determine theoptimal traffic engineering design and improve public transport operation in practice. This casestudy provides valuable insights into the effects of these priority measures. The results cancontribute to the improvement of public transport operations.

The railway traffic path capacity and the issue of railway buildings planning are topics that are widely discussed in professional groups. Experts often do not the same opinions on these topics. The issue of the allocation of railway traffic path capacity is given in general legislation and further by regulations or directives of a particular railway operator. Carriers are obliged to agree to these conditions. In the case of railway buildings planning, there are also comprehensive defined procedures and selected methods and models which are used to evaluate buildings planning (for example, a four-stage transport model or a logit model). However, it is appropriate to deal with the idea of whether all these procedures are correct and whether it is not appropriate to make changes, especially in the long-established procedures, that would better reflect the current and future reality and society needs.

A university textbook for students of the course Fundamentals of Transport Infrastructure and others interested in the subject.

This paper presents a novel approach to identifying critical locations on road networks based on relative traffic flow speeds. Using Google Maps Traffic Layer data, we develop a method to obtain data from Google Maps API and identify locations with consistently low traffic flow speeds. The method then assigns a Traffic Load Index to each location, which can be used to prioritize locations for further analysis and/or treatment. The results show that the proposed method is able to effectively identify critical locations on large road network without any prior knowledge of analyzed area. This method could be used to to improve the transport infrastructure, increase its safety, and ensure sustainable and resilient transport systems in the monitored areas.

There are several challenges and milestones supporting ecology and sustainability as Green Deal 2050 in the foreground. And we expect that attraction of more people into the public transport is one of the most important parts of the way to accomplish these challenges. The more people in public transport are, the better modal-split and the less emissions from transportation achieved. We believe that developing public transport quality is the key to increasing public transport demand. But every traveller perceives the service quality in unique way, so it is important to find a best compromise that could satisfy the majority of the travellers. This case study tries to reveal the impact of public transport quality offer on travel demand and recognize traveller’s preferences. The main questions are following: What does the public transport quality consist of? How does it influence the travellers? Is there a dependency between quality and demand? Research objective is to support the transport planners and operators with a knowledge of traveller’s preferences. The research results are going to help the stakeholders during the infrastructure operation adjustment and new vehicles buying.

Although the MSCR test has become an improvement over the Superpave® |G*|/sinδ parameter, shear stress levels specified in the MSCR test might prove to be too low to successfully represent the stresses occurring in the pavement. To address this hypothesis, five conventional asphalt binders and a total of twelve polymer-modified asphalt blends were tested by MSCR at two different temperatures (50°C and 60°C) as well as five different shear stress levels of 0.1, 3.2, 6.4, 12.8, and 25.6 kPa. The rut results of hot mix asphalts were correlated with the MSCR results. Consequently, better correlations were obtained at higher shear stress levels used in performing MSCR. Moreover, it was shown that MSCR test overestimated the positive effects elasticity on the asphalts’ rut resistance and, thus, more consideration should be given to the asphalt’s ability to resist the applied stresses than to its elastic recovery.

The chapter deals with the environmental impacts of transport. Attention is paid here mainly to the issue of noise and air pollution and the interaction of the road in the area with the surrounding environment.

The thesis „Maximum speed increase in Česká Lípa – Jedlová railway section“ analyses current state of railway line 540B and proposes several variants of modifications in order to increase maximum speed, shorten travel times and increase railway capacity. This also includes modifying railway stations in the section. Several operational concepts, which use the upgraded infrastracture, are proposed.

As part of the development of new technologies and approaches, there are innovative solutions for intermodal transport, especially at the interface between road and rail. Among the basic trends in the development of the transport system, with a focus mainly on progressive areas that complement each other and are also newly developing, such as the requirement to obtain data and information for information modelling. Information modelling can obtain data using various methods that are presented in the article, where in particular the HD mapping method seems to be a very progressive approach, as well as obtaining data from technologies and smart approaches using connectivity using optical cables, IoT or the future 5G network with cyber security. The mapping of objects using 3D, the use of BIM (building information modeling) in design for the precise description of a given object or device for the subsequent provision of a complex cycle of a given system, is also an essential input for information modelling. The article concentrates in a comprehensive manner on the development of the transport system with a focus on the road and railway interface from the point of view of providing data and information for the design, implementation, and subsequent maintenance. An important aspect of the transport system is its user, the passenger, who uses and provides data and is offered for multimodal and intermodal transport, especially the application of the so-called Mobility Hub with the prospective provision of autonomous mobility, which in the future can be an important connecting element in multimodal and intermodal transport at regional or city level.

The chapter focuses on the principles of intersection design, especially in terms of safety and capacity, the suitability of use in different situations and their division according to different aspects.

Description of the basic functions of transport, its individual types. Characteristics of transport participants. Description of the history of individual types of transport. Introduction to the emergence of the field of traffic engineering and its definition.

Smart transport planning based on the use of available data while supporting sustainable transport modes is an integral part of the Smart city concept. This article presents a critical analysis of the Level of Service of Public Transport Operation Assessment Method, which is based on two indicators - the reliability index and the travel speed index. The method is applied to a larger sample of data from several different cities, it makes it possible to evaluate the possible shortcomings of the method, since the method has not yet been applied to such a large number of case studies.

This article focuses on railway rake staging problematics. Firstly, it describes weaknesses of railway transport in general. Next, it defines the terms used in the topic, and partially maps the connected legislative. It describes the classification of the topic and determines specific features of the types described. Subsequently, it describes various types of railway sidings used for staging and their features, then it suggests a rating method. It creates initial analysis of the topic and suggests the following steps.

Explanation of the principles of traffic organization and regulation. Introduction of toll systems. Examples of organization and regulation. Road marking system.

The chapter describes the basic requirements for pedestrian guidance, including pedestrian crossing of the roadway. Measures at pedestrian crossings and crossing points and their basic parameters are defined. Pedestrian safety at night and adjustment for people with reduced mobility and blin persons are also discussed.

This report was produced by the following active members of "Road Statistics Committee" of PIARC. All of them have made outstanding contributions to the provision of the latest road related statistics ensuing from PIARC Databook of Roads and Road Transport 2014-2018 which explicitly defined with accuracy, reliability, and an in-depth analysis two types of data: length of motorways and number of vehicles. In this report some more items of data focused on 10 indicators for 7 areas of interest were compiled and analyzed with careful data definition and scrutiny in order to see the whole pictures of roads and road transport of the member countries.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the verification of the possibility of BEMU units operating on lines of passenger regional rail transport in the Czech Republic. For the possibility of deteming the energy consumption from the traction accumulator, a model was created, which was finally compared with an already existing professional application. Examples of model siuations are also presented in this thesis.

The subject of this paper is the verification of the possibility of BEMU units operating on lines of passenger regional rail transport in the Czech Republic. For the possibility of determining the energy consumption from the traction accumulator, the basic method is given.

The interim report for the year 2023 describes the results of the work on the project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic No. CK03000099 Dynamic opto-acoustic method of evaluating the emission noise of the railway superstructure for the year 2023. It mainly consists of a description of the fulfillment of the goals and activities of the project for the year 2023.

Railway freight transport represents an advantageous way for regular transport of bulk substrates. As a result of changes within the industry and energy sectors as well as in the field of consumer behaviour, such business cases decline significantly. Nevertheless, transport such of the characteristic have being (and will be) still realized however, in addition, quantities of transported goods will be known in advance – as a part of major construction or environmental remediation projects. In the period of 2020–2021, the Department of Transporting Systems in the CTU in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences prepared the study “Vlára, Vlachovice Hydraulic Structure, Logistic Study of Material Transport for the Dam Construction” for the state enterprise Povodí Moravy (the Morava River Basin). Among other things, the study dealt with transport of more than 2.5 million tonnes from two quarries to the construction site of the Vlachovice dam by goods trains (the Vlachovice dam will be built in Moravia – the eastern part of the Czech Republic). It was necessary to determine an optimal route of the goods trains, their parameters and general operating concept so that the transport costs would be minimised and, concurrently, the transport performance would be as high as possible. This paper sets itself a goal to present a general procedure and principles for proposal of freight trains for a business case characterized by long-term and regular transport of large quantities of goods. For the stated case study, transport technology in the railway station Bohuslavice nad Vláří is discussed in detail.

In June 2023, a unique project of reciprocal ticket acceptance was launched in the border area of the Pilsen and South Bohemia regions and the Bavarian districts of Freyung-Grafenau, Cham and Regen, which connects the tourist-attractive Šumava region. After the pilot operation in 2022, a permanent contract was concluded between these entities, which ensures reciprocal acceptance of selected tickets in the border area, in all means of public transport services (i.e. not only in trains, but also in buses). Specifically, these are travel documents Turista Plzeňskem a Bavorskem (Pilsen region), JIKORD plus Bavorsko (South Bohemia region), Bayerwald-Ticket+CZ (German districts) and GUTi guest cards (for guests of accommodation in selected municipalities in the Bavarian part of Šumava region). On the Czech-Bavarian border, based on the impulse of the Pilsen region, a complexly connected tariff system was created, which will be further developed. The goal of the article is not only the analysis of similar systems in the Czech border areas, but especially the presentation of this new system, the outline of its preparations and the demonstration of its strengths.

Shared space is an urban design concept that eliminates traditional traffic management facilities and is intended to provide equitable usage for all road users. However, there is a lack of established methodology for calculating its capacity and setting parameters. This paper presents evidence for the need to develop a methodology to calculate shared space capacity and define appropriate parameters. The study describes the characteristics of shared space from a traffic perspective, including its benefits and drawbacks, and distinguishes it from other types of calmed zones. The proposed methodology outlines the steps required to determine the capacity of shared space, drawing parallels to the calculation of uncontrolled intersections. Finally, the paper addresses the selection of optimal shared space locations based on an evaluation of relative accident rates.

The chapter deals with the division of roads and their design. The first part deals with the design of roads and motorways, especially the directional and height design, as well as the width layout and viewing conditions. The second part deals with urban roads, mainly in terms of their division into functional groups and requirements for individual types of urban roads.

In Czechia, as in other European countries, there are increasing demands on the quality of public spaces and street spaces. In many cases, the application of Shared Space can be an optimal response to the requirements of applying the principles of sustainable mobility and promoting pedestrian transport. A Shared Space is an urban and transport concept based on the use of the street or public space by all modes of functional use and transport. Its introduction is primarily aimed at returning to the original perception of the street as a space for the public life of the inhabitants, not as an element of transport infrastructure. It helps to create conditions for balancing the social, economic, residential, and transport functions of the street space. Successful examples from abroad show that the implementation of Shared Space reduces the speed and calming of motor traffic, increases the safety of all users of the space, increases the efficiency of the use of street space, increases the level of socialization and community activity, increases the attractiveness of the street as a public space, improves the environment, revitalizes the parterre, and supports the local economy. Although the benefits of Shared Space have been proven in practice by many successful foreign implementations, it does not yet exist in Czech law and technical norms. Enabling their systematic implementation in suitable locations can increase traffic safety, promote sustainable urban mobility, and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of towns and villages. This publication provides a comprehensive view of the issue of Share Space and its urban and traffic engineering context. It contains the results of an extensive search of legal norms, technical standards, and examples of good practice in selected European countries, a description of the situation in the Czech Republic and a summary of the principles of designing and planning Shared Spaces.

This paper explores the future of intersections with a novel approach to traffic control and management. Our research delves into the concept of Smart Intersections, introducing their levels of increasing "smartness," and their potential impact on traffic flow and safety. From static control to advanced data collection and I2X communication, our findings offer a glimpse into a future where intersections are a key player in urban mobility. The benefits of implementing Smart Intersections include improved traffic flow, reduced congestion, increased safety, and more efficient use of resources. Our research highlights the potential for Smart Intersections to improve public transportation through bus and train prioritization at intersections. Building off this, Smart Intersections could also inform individual actors in advance and communicate the current status of traffic as well as gather additional data. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of Smart Intersections, from their current state to the highest level of smartness, and the steps necessary to make this technology a reality in a real-life example. It also explores alternative possibilities, such as multi-agent systems, and their possible application in Smart Intersections.

Study of the optimization of railway transport in the company ČEPRO, 1st stage

Study of the optimization of railway transport in the company ČEPRO, 2nd stage

The article presents two significant localities in Prague, Czech Republic, where new complex approaches of urban and transport engineering in public space will be applied. The paper will present important urban planning measures and specific proposals for the solution and incorporation of transport into public spaces, which will lead to the calming of the automotive transport and also its fluidity will be maintained. Furthermore the requirement for public transport, bicycle transport and above all to necessary pedestrian relations will be reflected. Integral part of the basic preparation is the economic and transport-engineering analysis, which generally fits into urban planning in given localities. Results of these analyses would be projected to prepared plans and actual projects from praxis. The text of the article would be focused mainly on the localities in the phase of project studies in Prague, specifically in Vyton and Hlavka bridge. The Vyton area is a busy set of intersections and tram transport and adjoining public transport stops, as well as important transfer and pedestrian connections. The reconstruction of the railway bridge is being prepared in this territory and the construction of new railway station with transfer relation to tram transport and ferry is also related to it. There should be also a pedestrian zone, which will contribute to the urban character of the area and safer connections for pedestrian destinations and transfer relations. Within the project, it was necessary to address not only all the present means of transport – automotive, trams, railway, bicycle, ferry and pedestrian movement, but also static transport that has an impact on the character of the district. The second locality, which was dealt with from the economic and transportation point of view was northern forecourt of Hlavka bridge, which is significant traffic intersection. At the same moment, there is an important public transport hub with transfer relation between underground line C and the trams. Apart from the maintaining the transport function of this node, the challenge of the urban approach is to deal with pedestrian connections and bicycle transport in two height levels, which means elevation in very cramped conditions. In the future there should be built a new building of Philharmonic, which will completely change the transport functioning of the area. These new heavy relations would be essential to resolve with the complex point on view and with wider impacts to the closest surrounding of local roads, but even to the through road of the city from north to south and contrariwise according to the traffic requirements. The goal and focus of this article is to present issue of two significant localities from several points of view – from economic to transport-engineering and urban applications within public space, which has fundamental impact on the

This study builds on the research presented in the article, Impacts of COVID-19 on Means of Transport Choice: Cars and Cyclists Monitoring. It updates the research data in regards to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused many changes, including in bicycle transport. This article seeks to compare cycling data through the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and with weather events, which have substantial influence on cycling transport. Data on the number of cyclists was observed in the city of Třebíč, where the measured data is comparable to the rest of the Czech Republic. Weather data was provided by the Czech Hydrometerological Institute, the numbers of infected and vaccinated people were obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.

The paper first deals with the potential of regional railway lines in a general way and presents possibilities for achieving an attractive operational conception. Subsequently, an application is presented for a specific Pečky – Kouřim track section, indicating the necessary infrastructure modifications, changes in driving vehicles and requirements for the main railway line Praha – Pečky – Kolín, which will result in shorter travel times and the creation of a new conception of regional rail transport in the region.

The content of the book is a basic overview of the current state of knowledge in the field of road and urban traffic engineering in the Czech Republic. The book offers a basic overview in the field of traffic engineering and the reader will get a general idea of the principles and methods of solving traffic engineering problems. The book contains references to other technical regulations and literature that address each issue in greater detail. The book consists of 23 chapters: Introduction to the field of traffic engineering, Traffic Engineering in the Czech Republic, Transport and Spatial Planning, Traffic Flow, Types of Vehicles, Traffic Intensity, Traffic Surveys, National Traffic Census, Prognosis od Traffic Development, Transport Modelling, Transport Organisation and Regulation, Road Design, Intersections, Traffic signal design, Road capacity, Principles of traffic calming, Public transport, Parking, Pedestrian transport, Cycling, Traffic telematics and systems, Road infrastructure safety, Transport and environment.

Description of the activities of a traffic engineer in practice. Presentation of legislative and technical regulations. Overview of the procurement of project documentation for road constructions. Introduction of the education system of traffic engineers.

Presentation of the issue of transport planning, mobility of people and the relationship between transport and territory. Description of types of urban structures. Introducing the principles for the short distance city. Spatial and Strategic Planning, SUMP.

The contribution is focused on the issue of the relationship between transport and territorial development. The introduction summarizes individual types of transport, their pros, cons and effects on territorial development. The issue of transport sustainability is also discussed. The focus is also on the position and role of transport in spatial planning. The theoretical assumptions are then applied to two specific examples. Two municipalities were selected, one of which is served by both road and rail transport, while the other only by road transport. At the end of the contribution, the results of the surveys are summarized and the starting points for further solutions are proposed.

The transport service plan of the city of Votice has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services, from the point of view of quality transport, transport organization, economic and tariff outlook, as a significant component of sustainable urban mobility. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The railway is perceived as a modern, safe and environmentally sustainable way oftransporting people and goods. In the past, appropriate innovations in the field of infrastructure andvehicles, combined with an attractive operational concept, have gradually become the backbone ofpublic transport in the country. Even in this system, similar to other transport systems, there areaccidents (events of emergency) or potentially risky situations. The paper places the issue of railwaysafety in the legislative context and uncovers the points of view from which the safety of railway trafficcan be viewed.

The concept of smart cities is based on the collection, evaluation, and use of specific data. The automatic number plate detection system provides information on the spatiotemporal presence of vehicles in the monitored area. This information allows us to study driver behavior and quantify traffic volumes in larger territorial units. This paper works with test tasks that outline the use of ANPR data for studying traffic behavior and its subsequent use for traffic engineering applications.

A dedicated lane for public transport buses is the most basic and practically the most effective element of public transport priority on the urban road network. However, there are different approaches to setting up the traffic regime of these dedicated lanes, whether in terms of their temporal validity, the possibility of their use by other specified vehicles (bicycles, taxis, motorcycles), or their routing along the tramway, as well as their marking. The paper will summarise the current state of this issue in selected Czech and European cities and offer recommendations for a uniform approach to this issue in Czech conditions.

The paper pays attention to the construction of the railway superstructure in the tracks of high-speed railway lines. It lists the advantages and disadvantages of the classic construction with a ballast bed and ballastless tracks and also mentions other factors influencing the decision on the choice of the type of railway track construction, especially the life cycle costs (LCC), i.e. also the costs of maintenance.

The paper focuses at the ballastless track in the high speed railway lines, mentions their advantages and drawbacks together with further factors influencing the choice of the particular construction track form.

The article describes the possibilities of using the revitalization of industrial areas for housing. These plans are gradually expanding as some industrial brownfields are disrupted, especially in the city center, which was created by the transformation of various industries in the 1990s. This creates an underused area in the city center, which is neglected and can often be contaminated and it is not only industrial areas, but also, for example, military or agricultural homesteads. The aim is to create a residential center or commercial and cultural background on these revitalized areas, or a combination of a commercial, business and office center. In the given locality of the defined area, new construction is intertwined with the possibility of using historic buildings with requirements for quality transport services and the overall design of public space with an orientation towards active facilities for residents with greenery. The article presents two suitable examples from practice focused on the revitalization of industrial areas in the area of Zličín and Pragovka, where new approaches to construction, modification of public space, transport services and overall suitable development of the site for life are applied.

The article describes the possibilities of using the revitalization of industrial areas for housing. These plans are gradually expanding as some industrial brownfields are disrupted, especially in the city center, which was created by the transformation of various industries in the 1990s. This creates an underused area in the city center, which is neglected and can often be contaminated and it is not only industrial areas, but also, for example, military or agricultural homesteads. The aim is to create a residential center or commercial and cultural background on these revitalized areas, or a combination of a commercial, business and office center. In the given locality of the defined area, new construction is intertwined with the possibility of using historic buildings with requirements for quality transport services and the overall design of public space with an orientation towards active facilities for residents with greenery. The article presents two suitable examples from practice focused on the revitalization of industrial areas in the area of Zličín and Pragovka, where new approaches to construction, modification of public space, transport services and overall suitable development of the site for life are applied.

Road construction and maintenance activities cause traffic congestions and delays and present challenges for ensuring the safety of both motorists and road workers. While urban areas are well-equipped with traffic devices, in the case of highways our chances to collect traffic data and control traffic flows may be limited. Then the use of a temporary Highway Traffic Management System seems to be a suitable solution. Although the impacts of its deployment are addressed by many theoretical studies and demonstrated on traffic simulation models, there are not many references dealing with field tests. We provide results of the practical evaluation of the temporary Highway Management System installed and tested on the main highway in the Czech Republic during the road works period. Before-after analysis of collected traffic data was performed to prove the importance and positive impact of the proposed solution. We demonstrate an over 20% increase in the capacity of the roadwork zone and an almost 30 seconds decrease in average delay for one vehicle Highway administrators can use the results to justify investments into the temporary deployment of mobile traffic management systems.

This article deals with the topic of public transport segmentation in conjunction with the economic use of railway traffic path capacity, which very often causes discussion in professional circles and is not satisfactorily resolved or even there are no uniform procedures to solve it. Especially on busy railway lines, it is necessary to deal with the issue of the capacity of the railway transport route and its specific use so that the effects of its use are optimal for the company and the railway operator. The aim of the contribution is to point to practical examples in the field of this issue, which show possible views on this topic and offer different solutions. Both domestic and foreign experiences are mentioned.

The aim of the assessment was to evaluate the operational and technological possibilities under which the carriers České dráhy (ČD a.s.) and Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) could expand between 2012 and 2016 in the territory of the respective neighbouring state and create an independent competitive offer on this market. The feasibility of entering the neighbouring transport market was assessed from the operational and commercial point of view, as well as from the point of view of the necessary time preparation, vehicle availability, risk assessment and project sustainability.

A university textbook for students of the course Fundamentals of Transport Infrastructure and others interested in the subject.

The Covid-19 pandemic caused vast changes in all areas of peoples‘ lives, especially in the transportation field. This study is mainly focused on Třebíč town and also the Czech Republic as a whole, with a goal to compare data and find correlation and causation. Data used in this comparison includes the number of active cases of COVID-19, number of cars and cyclists and also weather conditions. The focal point of the study is the contrast and comparison in the usage of certain types of transport based on varying aspects, mainly the impact of COVID-19. As the pandemic grew stronger or weaker, so did the volumes of cyclists, pedestrians and cars. Data was collected by automatic counters in Třebíč town and also some data was collected by national agencies, such as Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. All of the data was gathered from the pre-covid time to the present with some minor gaps. The study shows distinctive rise of cycling in year 2020, as people were afraid of catching the disease. In the year 2021 people became less afraid as the vaccination rates increased and the numbers of people were quite similar to pre- times. We can see that the pandemic had an immediate impact on traffic distribution and human behavior. After the end of the pandemic, it can be assumed that human behavior will never return to its original state

Modern transport, in terms of vehicle drive, aims to reduce energy consumption and emissions, while reducing energy consumption further leads to lower operating costs and fuel consumption from non-renewable energy sources. The aspect of strategic security is also important, i.e. that energy sources come from politically and security-stable locations. Rail transport has been using a well-managed electric drive for a long time. With the current technological progress, the possibilities of running purely electrically even on permanently non-electrified lines are further expanded. The paper provides an overview of the possibilities of using some vehicles with alternative drives, especially in regional passenger rail transport, focusing on promising electric traction in the form of multiple-powered vehicles (units) and vehicles (units) powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. It presents an overview of the basic infrastructure conditions for the operation of such vehicles and clearly complements them with the outputs of the traffic simulation on a specific railway line Tábor - Horní Cerekev - Jihlava in the Czech Republic.

The widely accepted body, The World Road Association (PIARC), has published research that up to 60% of future road tunnel operating costs can be saved by optimizing the tunnel design at an early stage of project implementation [1]. The paper shows the paradigm of recent years – more and more innovative technologies for tunnels do not necessarily mean that the functions for which tunnels are built are performed more efficiently. A road tunnel is a complex system created as a pragmatic alliance of several subsystems and many devices from different suppliers. Tunnel documentation usually has several hundred pages prepared by specialists in ventilation, lighting, safety, etc., and it is difficult for the investor or administrator to optimize the equipment without a detailed model of this complex system. There are two models for describing a complex system: a process model and a knowledge model. The paper shows that a more suitable model for describing a tunnel system is an ontology-based knowledge model and gives an example of such a model.

Public transport is a comprehensive interconnected system of public passenger transport services. The backbone of the system is usually passenger rail transport systems, which are characterized by a high capacity for passenger transport and by a separate traffic path from other modes of transport. This makes them very determined to form the backbone of the whole public transport system. At the same time, however, the most complicated solution in their case is the capacity of the railway traffic path and its allocation. Thus, there are not isolated cases in which there is a conflict between the requirements for the allocation of railway traffic path capacity and its full consumption. This dissertation aims to address precisely these cases, which segments of passenger transport should be allocated on the railway traffic path in the case of its overfulfilment.

Fast and reliable public transport is one of the pillars of sustainable urban mobility. Creating good conditions for its operation in urban road network is a fundamental task for transport engineers. The PREFOS Research Group has long been involved in evaluating the conditions for public transport operation in urban roads. One of the key parameters is the impact of the car traffic flow on public transport operation. This paper describes a pilot study of the possibility of using Google traffic data to evaluate the characteristics of traffic flow and its comparison with the achieved travel speed of public transport in a given section. This pilot study is part of a broader research plan to develop a comprehensive method for evaluating the conditions for public transport operations on a street network.

The interim report for the year 2022 describes the results of the work on the project of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic No. CK03000099 Dynamic opto-acoustic method of evaluating the emission noise of the railway superstructure for the year 2022. It mainly consists of a description of the fulfillment of the goals and activities of the project for the year 2022, an analysis of conventional methods of railway diagnostics superstructure, analysis of available sources and information on the condition of the railway superstructure in the Czech Republic and practical tests of the opto-acoustic measuring system.

The railway is perceived as a modern, safe and environmentally sustainable way of transporting people and goods. In the past, appropriate innovations in the field of infrastructure and vehicles, combined with an attractive operational concept, gradually became the backbone of public transport in the country. Even in this system, similar to other transport systems, there are accidents (events of emergency) or potentially risky situations. The article places the issue of railway safety in the legislative context and uncovers the points of view from which the safety of railway traffic can be viewed.

Motivating people to switch to public transport from using their own car is one of the most important parts on the way to accomplishing the Green Deal 2050 challenge. In the Czech Republic, where the number of passengers was rapidly rising in the pre-pandemic time, individual car transport still offers many more travel benefits than railway lines for most long-distance relations. How to strategically develop the railway infrastructure? Will the planned high-speed railways really be the appropriate solution to this problem in time? Will they satisfy all the different requirements of passengers who are potentially able to switch from car to train?

CTU in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Department of Transport Systems, deals in its research with the issue of allocating the capacity of a railway transport path. The capacity of any transport route is a limiting ele-ment in terms of its functionality. It is not always possible to meet all re-quirements and the allocator has to decide how to allocate capacity, so that it is as efficient as possible and achieves as many societal benefits as possible. The research team deals with this issue by using a modified STEM (Step Method) method for its research, which is a tool for linear optimization. The article presents the use of this method on the railway line Plzeň - Žatec in the Czech Republic. It deals with its sensitivity while changing the parameter of the number of passengers in the individual segments of the passenger rail transport. There are many requirements for the allocation of railway capaci-ty, but the infrastructure is not able to satisfy all of them. The article presents a simulation of three variants of the number of passengers expected in re-gional expresses. This represents the possibility of allocating capacity to dif-ferent train segments in situations when the infrastructure cannot satisfy all requirements for railway capacity allocation.

Shared space is an urban planning and transport concept based on the integrated use of street or public space by all or selected modes of transport. Its use is guided by the desire to return to the original perception of the street as a space for the public life of the inhabitants, not as a mere element of transport infrastructure. Its use creates conditions for balancing the social, economic, residential and transport functions of the street space. Successful examples from abroad show that the implementation of shared space reduces the speed and calming of motor traffic, increases the safety of all users of the space, increases the efficiency of the use of the street space, increases the level of socialisation and community activity, increases the attractiveness of the street as a public space, improves the environment, revitalises the parterre, supports the local economy, and that shared spaces are more welcoming for the elderly and people with reduced mobility. The form of shared space is not only suitable for squares or shopping streets, it can also be used for forecourt spaces or public transport interchange points. The article will summarize the basic requirements for the creation of shared space, present typical locations, basic design parameters, and reflect on why to create systemic conditions for the design of shared spaces in the Czech Republic.

Solving the issue of railway traffic path capacity is currently a very topical issue. A transport route that is not capable to suit all the requirements of public passenger service customers, or carriers, is not attractive enough and as a result is problematic for customers in both passenger and freight transport. We can see this phenomenon not only in domestic conditions, but also in foreign areas, where the role of railways in the transport service of the territory plays a significant influence and can compete with other modes of transport. The aim of this contribution is to point out selected passages of legislation and regulations both in the country and abroad, taking into account the reality of how this issue is specifically addressed. The contribution discusses and compares individual approaches from several European countries and mentions specific materials that deal with this issue. On the margins, the contribution is also devoted to selected practical applications and examples of specific measures that are processed on the basis of legislative requirements. At the end, individual approaches are evaluated, including their comparison.

Dokument „Studie potenciálu trati 012 Pečky – Kouřim“ se zabývá komplexním zhodnocením stávající dopravní koncepce na regionální trati mezi městy Pečky a Kouřim včetně návrhů přispívajících ke zvýšení atraktivity tohoto železničního spojení. Na základě stanoviska objednatele byla studie zpracována pro krátkodobý výhled, tj. s realizovatelností do roku 2030–2035. Předpokládané úpravy infrastruktury po tomto obdobím nejsou zohledněny.

Overloading the railway traffic path capacity is a phenomenon that causes very frequent discussions among professionals. The Czech legislation recognizes and describes this situation – the issue of allocating railway capacity in Czech conditions is basically enshrined in Act No. 266/1994 (Railway Act). This law, in case of overloading the capacity of the railway traffic path, orders the infrastructure manager to process a capacity analysis and propose a solution. However, the author of the post is not aware that such a situation would actually occur in Czech conditions; the effort is always to approach the allocation in such a case with a compromise so that all demands are satisfactorily resolved. Therefore, the aim of this article is to compare the Czech situation with the situation abroad, namely in Germany, where capacity analyses are normally carried out and then plans to increase the capacity of the railway traffic path are drawn up. The paper presents the German Eisenbahnregilierunggesetz (ERegG) and the plan to increase the capacity of the Wunstorf - Minden railway line.

The transport service plan of the city of Vlašim has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The book comprehensively summarizes cross-cutting topics, which are more generally technically focused on urban engineering, especially on territorial development, transport and technical infrastructure, intelligent transport systems and city management with an overlap into other authorization fields, mainly into transport structures and water management structures. It describes activities related to the design and implementation of urban engineering constructions and the overall concept and coordination of solutions for the technical equipment of cities and territories.

Concerning the economic evaluation of transport constructions, there are problems with appraisal and parametrization of benefits and costs, especially for the complex constructions or modified areas in the city center. Some of the current methods are difficult to apply appropriately to city constructions or technical constructions. The article is focused on finding alternative ways to evaluate selected constructions. The methods are often connected to multi-criteria analysis, which leads to the assessment of parameters and methods of determining the weight of them for the evaluation.

The paper sums up the present knowledge of usage of the alternative powering in the rail passenger transport. At the start of 2020s´ it is a highly actual theme with regard to the requirement of the railway as a fully emissionfree transport mode towards the half of the century. The paper also describes random conditions of the particular alternatives including their comparison with „conventional“ electrification and presents also some key recommendations for the future development

The paper sums up the present knowledge of usage of the alternative powering in the rail passenger transport. At the start of 2020s´ it is a highly actual theme with regard to the requirement of the railway as a fully emissionfree transport mode towards the half of the century. The paper also describes random conditions of the particular alternatives including their comparison with „conventional“ electrification and presents also some key recommendations for the future development.

In the last years, with new topics such as smart cities emerging, there is a lot of progress with respect to gathering new data, transforming them into information and knowledge and to share and enhance such knowledge among different fields. This is true also for traditionally closed environments such as railway stations. We can see many new sensors emerging. They do not monitor only the movement of the trains. A lot of attention is newly paid to the movement of people. For this different video detection systems, ultrasonic technologies, even weight sensors installed in vehicles are often used to learn more about travelers’ behavior. Such data can be used for many different aspects, such as safety, security or even control and optimization. In this paper, we do not look primarily at the different technologies used in sensors to monitor presence and movement of travelers (automated people counting – APC systems). Our aim is to define the possible usage of such data. System engineering approach is used to utilize the findings from literature and project review. Based on a state-of-the-art analysis, we identify the major actors and prepare use cases defining the way how they can use and benefit from the data. A classification of the technology is provided to better explain the needs of particular use cases. The use cases are also further classified according to strategic, tactical, and operational control level.

The field of smart cities and the latest problems in this area of expertise accent the need for interaction among different areas, such as transportation, energy management, education, buildings and others. New technologies and new methods allow for a fast development of each of the areas and of the city itself. At the same time, there is a need for further involvement of citizens and different stakeholders in the decision-making process within cities. In order to demonstrate the impact of a new policy (e.g., building a new shopping center) on certain city aspect (e.g., transportation), simulation models have been recognized as probably the best approach. Unfortunately, there is still no tool that would allow the stakeholders to evaluate the impact of such a policy on a city as a whole and from multiple perspectives. Dedicated simulation frameworks should be used in cooperation, one for transportation, one for energy grid management, another for its impact on the environment until all important aspects are covered. This paper describes a complex tool aiming on overcoming such complicated demands and giving the policy makers one tool to assess impact on different interconnected fields. It combines existing dedicated simulation frameworks into a complete software suite that can combine even contradictory results into one or more performance indicators. This can be used as a decision support system and help in involving citizens into the city government and planning. This article focuses on the utilization of mobility modelling in such a software.

Shortage of qualified professionals at all levels becomes a serious problem of the railway. Oncoming start of the construction of the first high speed railway sections in the Czech republic will make this shortage more pressing with many negative consequences for the Czech high-speed railway system project. The article describes the present situation in this field, focuses at the largest problems and shows the possible ways of improvement, also with regard to the foreign experience.

The paper explains the essence of creating a historical traffic model and its application in the actual development of mobility and intelligent transport systems in cities. It focuses on the process of creating and maintaining such a model and presents the method of its construction. The developed method is demonstrated on a practical example from the city of Prague based on data from section detectors, including examples from the model calibration process. The purpose of the paper is to convey a broader awareness of how to easily and effectively capture the amount of traffic data that we often have today, and use it to benefit the functioning of traffic and cities.

The article deals with the identification of the most frequent trams with cars traffic accidents places for the years 2016 - 2018 period in the city of Prague. The frequent traffic accident places are determined in accordance with various traffic accident indicators, such as total accidents number, severity accidents number, relative accident rate. The most common accident causes are listed at the most repeated accident places. In the conclusion of the article two system are described, the implementation of which could lead to the tram with other traffic users collisions reduction.

owadays, urban road tunnels are considered to be independent entities within a city. Their interactions with the rest of the city and vice versa are usually not considered and, if they are, are only considered in a limited way (for example, through the nearest traffic controller). Typically, only the traffic parameters and not the environmental impacts are considered. This paper has two major objectives. First, we provide a systemic view on a road urban tunnel. The major focus is on the interfaces between the tunnel and the rest of the city and the way they will be managed. We are providing a tool to take into consideration a sustainable development of a tunnel (i.e., not only traffic flow parameters such as average speed, but also environmental and societal characteristics). This model expresses the actual traffic situation in a monetary form (i.e., cost of congestions). The second objective is to provide a new road urban tunnel control approach that follows the original methodology and systemic view described in the paper. If the tunnel is controlled autonomously, which corresponds to the current state-of-the-art in many cities, the algorithm decides to close it based on only local parameters. However, the proposed new algorithm takes into consideration not only the traffic situation in the tunnel (expressed by the parameter traffic density), but also the actual traffic situation within the city (expressed by its level of service (LOS)). This allows more environmentally, socially and economically sustainable oriented road urban tunnel management. The described algorithm is demonstrated on a specific example of the tunnel complex Blanka in Prague.

The publication presents a comprehensive conceptual proposal for the implementation of a shared space concept in Czechia as a tool for traffic calming and improving the quality of public spaces. It contains a definition and characteristics of shared space, an extensive research of legal regulations and technical standards and literature in selected European countries, a prepared proposal for the implementation of shared space as a new traffic regime into Czech legal and technical standards and the principles of shrared space design.

An effective solution of the conflict points of different transport modes is a significant issue at the urban level today. With the permanent increase of traffic in cities, it is necessary to look for suitable and sustainable transport solutions to these situations, so that the traffic flow is smooth and the transport remains safe, ecological and economical. The paper deals with the design of a simple decision making tool for selecting the solution of pedestrian conflict with other traffic modes (classical pedestrian crossing, controlled pedestrian crossing for defined pedestrian and vehicle flows, based on experimental microsimulation. High pedestrian flows their dependence on the delay time of road users are not properly implemented in Czech legislation. The results are verified in a case study of conflict solution within the reconstruction of a public transport terminal in Prague.

The paper introduces some of the mathematical models of pedestrian flow. Their classification by level of detail is set. Finally, the possibilities of SimWalk software are described.

Since last year, the amendment to the Act on Public Services in Passenger Transport has been effective, which, among other things, has brought changes in the area of transport planning. In addition to the state (represented by the Ministry of Transport) and the regions, municipalities that provide transport services are obliged to draw up transport service plans for the region. The change therefore affects all municipalities (usually cities) that provide public transport services to their citizens. The article summarizes the requirements that municipal service plans must meet and the approaches of selected cities with their own public transport network to their new obligations.

The paper deals with electric charging concept for road freight transport and discusses various kinds of charging stations and their categorization with respect to the connection to a vehicle and type of voltage, fundamental aspects of the design of the electric vehicle charging infrastructure and connection options to the distribution system. The issue of noise, landscape fragmentation and the barrier effect of roads and highways, and emphasizes the influence of freight transport on air pollution, in particular its significant contribution to the production of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, dust particles and other pollutants are mentioned in the paper. A special attention is paid to emissions of carbon dioxide, a significant greenhouse gas, again in the context of freight transport. The methodologies of Well to Wheels (WTW) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) are also presented in the paper.

The aim of this article is to deal with the issue of high-speed railway lines (HSL) in theCzech Republic in response to the Fast connections conception ("Rychlá spojení" in Czech, abbreviation"RS"). Currently the RS1, RS2 and RS4 projects are the most watched during the preparation of theHSL network construction. The authors would like to focus on this issue from the wider point of viewand to assess possible impact on the current lines of long-distance trains, the location of graphicaltimetable nodes and the way of the transport service on the area of the state.

The construction of the track is solved as a conventional (with track ballast) or as aballastless track (without track ballast). When deciding on the choice of the most suitable track designfor high-speed rail, it is necessary to emphasize that with increasing line speed, the requirements forthe quality of the track geometry increase, including the size of the deviations of individual geometricparameters of the track from the projected values. When assessing the choice of track structure –especially for high-speed rails – it is therefore necessary and correct to assess the total costs (investmentand operational) for a sufficiently long time. DB Netz AG’s present experience with a ballastless tracksince its first implementation in 1972 in Rheda station, for almost 50 years, shows that the requiredlifetime of 60 years has its real justification. In addition, current research and development in the fieldof ballastless track is moving towards extending the life of ballastless track well beyond this limit. Thepaper is focused on the comparison a ballasted and ballastless track construction. It deals in moredetail with evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of a ballastless track construction. Themain objective is to assess the use of ballastless track structure for the construction of high-speed lines.

The study builds on previous documents, namely Regional Railway Transport Operating Files in the Moravian-Silesian Region (March 2018) and Standards of Vehicles, Train Services and Related Services for Tenders for Regional Railway Transport in the Moravian-Silesian Region (April 2019), on which both it complements them with new knowledge and, taking into account the current level of knowledge, concludes them.

Regional railways are an integral part of the area's transport service system and have long since found their place in IDS. In the coming years, however, they will have to deal with many new approaches, both in the field of vehicles and infrastructure. These include the exclusive operation under the European train protection system ETCS and the development of alternative drives, as well as increasing pressure to reduce costs. Will these innovations be a challenge to increase the parameters of regional railways and improve the quality of the services offered to their users, or will they be threats that they cannot cope with? It is to these questions that the article seeks answers.

Motivating people to change the mode of transport to public transport instead of using their own car is one of the most important parts of the way to accomplish the Green Deal 2050 challenge. On the example of Czech Republic where the number of passengers was rapidly rising in the pre-pandemic time, in most of the long-distance relations individual car transport still offers much more travel benefits than railway lines. How to strategically develop the railway infrastructure? Will the planned high-speed railways really be the appropriate solution to this problem in time? Will it satisfy all the different requirements of the passengers who are potentially able to move from car to train?

CTU in Prague The Faculty of Transport, Department of Transport Systems, deals in its research with the issue of allocating the capacity of a railway transport route. The capacity of any transport route is a limiting element in terms of its functionality. It is not always possible to meet all the requirements and the allocator is faced with the question of how to allocate the capacity, so that it is as efficient as possible and achieves as many societal benefits as possible. The scientific team deals with this issue and uses a modified STEM (Step Method) method for its research, which is a tool for linear optimization. The article acquaints the reader with the use of this method on the railway line Plzeň - Žatec in the territory of the Czech Republic. Above all, it deals with its sensitivity in changing the parameter of the number of passengers in individual segments of passenger rail transport. There are requirements for the allocation of railway capacity from individual customers of passenger transport in the public service obligation (often not only these requirements), however, the infrastructure is not able to meaningfully all. The article presents a simulation of three variants of the number of passengers expected in express trains, which just represents the possibilities of allocating capacity to different train segments in the case of such a capacity of the transport route, which is not able to satisfy all requirements.

Shared space is an urban-transport concept, based on the integrated use of street space or public space by all or selected modes of transport. Its use is driven by an effort to return to the original perception of the street as a space for public life of residents, not as a mere element of transport infrastructure. Its use creates conditions for a balance of social, economic, residential and transport functions of street space. Successful examples from abroad show that the implementation of shared space reduces the speed and calming of motor traffic, increases the safety of all users, increases the efficiency of street space, increases the level of socialization and community activity, increases the attractiveness of the street as a public space, improves the environment, revitalization parterre, support for the local economy and that shared spaces are more welcoming streets for the elderly and people with reduced mobility. The form of shared space is not only suitable for squares or shopping streets, it can be used, for example, for pre-station areas or areas of transfer points for public transport. The article summarizes the basic requirements for creating a shared space, introduces typical locations, basic design parameters and brings reflection on why to create system conditions for designing shared spaces in the Czech Republic.

In Czechia, as in other European countries, there are increasing demands for traffic calming and the quality of public spaces and street spaces. At the same time, Czech cities are placing more emphasis on the real application of sustainable mobility principles and the promotion of pedestrian transport in general. Shared space is in many cases the optimal response to these requirements.

Shared space is an urban planning and transport concept based on the integrated use of street or public space by all or selected modes of transport. Its use is guided by the desire to return to the original perception of the street as a space for the public life of the inhabitants, not as a mere element of transport infrastructure. Its use creates conditions for balancing the social, economic, residential, and transport functions of the street space. Successful examples from abroad show that the implementation of shared space reduces the speed and calming of motor traffic, increases the safety of all users of the space, increases the efficiency of the use of street space, increases the level of socialization and community activity, increases the attractiveness of the street as a public space, improves the environment, revitalizes the parterre, supports the local economy, and makes shared spaces more friendly for the elderly and people with reduced mobility. The form of shared space is not only suitable for squares or shopping streets, it is also useful for forecourt spaces or public transport interchange points. The article summarizes the basic requirements for creating shared space, presents typical locations, basic design parameters, and presents a reflection on why to create systemic conditions for designing shared spaces in the Czech Republic.

Station buildings are buildings in the area of railway stations intended for the provision of transport and related services and so far usually also associated with areas for railway traffic control and other railway infrastructure manager’s activities. The major part of the station buildings in the Czechia was built during the construction of the relevant railways lines, usually in the second half of the 19th century. Therefore, disposition and size of the railway buildings corresponded to – on the one hand – the high share of human labour in the railway traffic control and – on the other hand – the high demands of passengers for services directly related to their carriage by rail transport, further enhanced by the three carriage classes. The role of rail transport was changing in Europe especially at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. There was a massive deployment of modern railway control systems and centralized traffic control, and simultaneously, the types and methods of buying tickets and the regularity of commuting are changing, and interchanging with other modes of transport is more frequent. This corresponds to completely different demands on the equipment, disposition and size of station buildings, which also results from property and organizational changes in rail transport. Thus, what will be the development in the field of tasks that station buildings have to perform from the time of the first railway lines to the present and in the future, and how the requirements for their disposition, size and architectural design corresponded / correspond will be the content of the first large chapter of the paper. It will be possible to determine from the second part of the paper how the Czechia and neighbouring countries, especially Germany, are trying to deal with this area. One of the main methodological tools for planning the use and modification of station buildings is the Concept of Passenger Station Management.

The current legislation in the field of awarding public service contracts in railway passenger transport significantly favors the award of these contracts according to the principle of tendering. In the near future, it will even be necessary to award the vast majority of such contracts in this way, where the direct award method can only be used for small operating units. From this point of view, interesting experiences with tenders are already appearing in selected regions in the Czech Republic. The article summarizes these aspects and provides views on selected tenders, focusing primarily on experience in the Pilsen Region, which has decided to use tenders to a greater extent than other customers of public passenger transport services.

The paper is focused on the application of new approaches of designs in distric cities like Klatovy. The main part is description of the latest approaches and urban teritorial solution. The emphasis is put on the traffic in city centers, latest trends in parking, implementation of toll or support of all the means, of transport to ensure sustainable mobility including technical trends in traffic. The intention is mainly focused on the implementation of C-ITS, public transport preferences or the introduction of new concepts such as Mobility Hub, which can ensure economic returns on investment and especially sustainable mobility in historic parts of smaller and medium-sized cities.

The aim of the paper is to set priority of The Fast Connection sections ("Rychlá spojení"in Czech, abbreviation "RS") building mentioned above by using the STEM method. The method isused to select projects with the maximum benefit if the budget is limited. There has not been set alimit for individual RS sections as a limitation of financial costs. The decisive factor is the order inwhich individual RS sections should be built on the basis of evaluation criteria.

Although the Republic of Moldova has experienced massive increase in vehicle ownership and use, some of the latest advances in how to approach and nurture public space are underutilized. This article summarizes the basic findings of a project aimed at transfer of knowledge and the implementation of the smart city process in Chișinău, Moldova. Chișinău presents a perfect opportunity for full-scale transformation regarding mobility in the smart city process. In its current state, where there are still enough opportunities to make significant improvements and for the region itself, the Republic of Moldova falls into the category of middle- to lower-income countries. Moreover, this article looks at the difficulties of preparing a smart mobility strategy while under the effect of the current COVID-19 pandemic in the form of social distancing by the city. The subject of study is to determine whether a long-distance strategy can be properly created and introduced, mostly based on proper communication. Key data sources were examined and chosen as the basis for determining weaknesses and as a basis for determining the main pillars. While challenging, this paper finds distanced knowledge transfer and planning to be achievable.

The transport service plan of the city of Benešov has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The transport service plan of the city of Kutná Hora has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The transport service plan of the city of Polička has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The article presented here discusses the possibility of use of alternative sources of energy in road freight transport. It deals with emissions from road freight transport and their modelling including the description of emission models, it further introduces a simulation model for fuel consumption and emission calculation, the process of design of optimization of a network charging stations and a concept of charging stations and hydrogen power. The aim is to determine a proper way of implementing alternative energy sources (AES) in freight road transport, to create a simulation model for fuel consumption and emission calculation and therefore to compare the impact of different types of alternative fuels on the environment and to assess emissions in a broader cycle. The work further aims at proposing a method of optimization of a network of charging stations and discussing the concept of charging stations and hydrogen power.

The aim of the study is to examine the possibilities of material transport for the planned construction of the Vlachovice Dam on the Vlára watercourse.

The capacity of an unsignalized intersection, a quantifiable measure of intersection performance, is defined as the maximum number of vehicles that can pass through an intersection during a specific period. On a three-legged intersection, the most capacity limiting traffic stream is the one in which vehicles approaching from a minor street are about to turn left and merge with vehicles approaching from a major street. The process of calculating the capacity of unsignalized intersections in The Czech Republic is described within the Technical Guidelines no. 188 (TG188) published by the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic. The calculation is based on traffic flow and a parameter called the critical time gap. TG188 offers an empirically obtained formula for calculating the critical time gap, which depends only on the speed that 85 % of major street vehicles exceed. This paper discusses an alternative approach to determine the critical time gap for individual intersections, therefore increasing the accuracy of calculating the unsignalized intersection's capacity.

Measurements done by traffic detectors are, like any other automated measurements, subject to errors, especially outages that limit the usability of data. Data from sectional traffic detectors was analysed to quantify measurement outages. Other types of errors present in data that cannot be simply removed are described as well. The paper also presents the possibilities of output data applications, where errors can be mitigated by using historical transport models.

The current technical standards in the Czech Republic for determining the minimum passenger floor area in railway stations and stops do not differentiate between the luggage that the passenger carries with them. Awareness of this fact is important in the construction or reconstruction of platforms, areas and buildings that passengers use when traveling by public transport. The paper deals with the quantification of the passenger floor area demands by the transported luggage, based on the use of video recordings and their subsequent analysis.

The paper discusses the possibilities of using alternative drives in railway transport, especially in regional railway transport. It focuses on promising electric traction in the form of two-source vehicles and vehicles with a fuel cell. It also summarizes other infrastructure conditions and requirements of regional railway transport for two-source vehicles operation. Current examples and experiences with the mentioned alternatives to classical dependent electric traction are added.

With ever-changing cities and growing populations it becomes progressively more difficult to assess which infrastructural changes are beneficial and which are possibly destructive long-term. It is almost impossible to find experts that understand the wide range of aspects surrounding smart cities as well as their interrelationships. Decision makers need a tool that helps them to set certain policies and evaluate their impact on key performance indicators (KPIs). This paper presents a multicriteria evaluation method based on assessing infrastructural changes in the city combining different modeling tools to gather sufficient data to assess and evaluate different alternatives. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a case study from Prague 6, Vitêzné námêsti.

The aim of the paper „Optimal parameters and routing of railway lines - categories of railway lines and their modifications“ is to design categories of railway lines and their modifications, so it could be used as a core of a model for establishment of ideal parameters of railway lines reconstructions that means to find the best group of parameters, which are going to fit the needs of individual connection.

Transport creates an integral part of people's lives and significantly affects the quality of life and the environment in cities. Because of the increasing number of cars in cities, it is not sufficient to focus just on an improvement of traffic control algorithms or other intelligent transportation systems and solutions. It is necessary to significantly decrease the number of cars in cities, i.e. to decrease the demand for travel using personal vehicles. In order to do that, researchers try to understand the process of how travel choices are made and to learn about the potential of travel mode change. A lot of research exists in this field. A common approach adopted also in the presented work uses discrete choice experiments as a mean to learn about travel behavior. Scientific results indicate that differences among different countries and cultures must be taken into consideration and research methods cannot be simply adopted without understanding the local context. For such reasons, this paper demonstrates the importance of understanding the local perceptions and their impact on the experiment design. To optimize the experiment design, three focus groups took place in Ústi and Labem Region (Czech Republic) during November 2019 with the aim to analyze local specifics and attitudes of local inhabitants towards different transport regulation measures. This case study proved the importance of pretesting experiments before performing them, the usefulness of FGs when designing the experiments and an important role of local specifics.

This paper evaluates the correlation between asphalt binder non-recoverable creep compliance properties and hot mix asphalt rutting potential. Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery testing were carried out with different parameters, varying in applied stress level (0.1,3.2,6.4, 12.8 a 25.6 kPa) and test temperatures (64, 72 a 76°C). To measure hot mix asphalt rutting potential, Hamburg Wheel Tracking test was performed. Different polymers have been used for asphalt modification and crosslinking with sulfur (SBS) and curing (polyphosphoric acid for RET) of polymer modified binders was also carried out. All the binders were modified to the same PGof 72 (±1°C).

Expert review focused on transport, technological and economic verification of proposals of the APC study in the field of deployment of the train units serie 680 "Pendolino".

The goal of the research is to study the mode choice on the Origin-Destination pairs (O-D pairs) between municipalities of the Czech Republic. However, the data set of O-D pairs, which are described by number of travelers commuting to work or school from one municipality to another, is consisting over 50 % of O-D pairs with only one traveler. Modal split on these O-D pairs is then distorted in favor of only one mode of transport, making the whole data set mis-leading. The paper is presenting and evaluating methods for filtration and removal of O-D pairs of lesser importance from the data set. The options for modal split study are also improved by segregation of the data set into groups of O-D pairs according to their direction characteristics.

This research report describes a historical model that should provide enhanced traffic excess detection with beneficial impacts on the work of traffic dispatchers and the traffic participants alike. The report also contains analysis of input data necessary to prepare such models and gives examples of data used and its specific properties.

The paper deals with passenger behaviour in public transport nodes considering speed, intensity and density of passenger movement. The paper is focused on persons with reduced mobility and orientation, where we can include people with heavy or large luggage or people with baby carriages or small children. These groups can affect customs of pedestrian flows. The extent of the influence is investigated based on camera recordings. It is possible to compare the dissimilarities of pedestrian flows with and without handicapped people.

While traveling through the cities by public transport, it is important to have enough and quality information about the following lines and transfers between them – especially, while checking-in. Nur-Sultans’ public transport vehicles lack the working electronic information panels in their interior. The purpose of this paper was to propose the design of the electronic information panel inside of the buses. The whole screen should inform passengers inside the vehicles while traveling about the current position of the vehicle and possible transfers. It should serve as an alternative to mobile applications. It includes all the positives of inspected systems from other countries and few more like for example: the ability to react on real delays of vehicles and informing passengers about irregularities on the routes. There would be no need to use a smartphone to search for the connections.

The paper provides an overview of the possibilities of using some alternative drives of railway vehicles, especially in regional railway transport, focusing on electric traction in the form of two-source powered vehicles and vehicles with a fuel cell. It also summarizes other infrastructure conditions and requirements of customers of regional railway transport for the operation of not only such vehicles.

The paper compares the general approach to the design and reconstruction of the railway stations in both countries, especially the design of the passenger platforms. It also compares the connected technical standards and shows the differences in the design of the fictive railway stations. The goal of the paper is to highlight the positive aspects of both normative systems from the point od view of the design, operation and passengers.

This paper presents the numerical simulation of generalized Newtonian fluids flow in the bypass geometry. The considered geometry consists of the narrowed main tube and the bypass graft. The quality of the blood flow in the bypass can be influenced by a location of the narrowing or by the geometry. The optimal angle for the connecting of the bypass graft to the vessel is around 45 degrees, therefore this work is mentioned on the numerical modelling of the varied mathematical models of the viscosity with the angle of the connection 45 and 60 degrees. Our study is focused on testing different types of bypass geometry, standard and S-type bypass connections. As well as various narrowing of the problematic section in the main channel are presented. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical narrowing is tested for both types of bypass. The governing system of equations is based on the system of balance laws for mass and momentum. Generalized Newtonian fluids flow in the bypass is numerically simulated by using open source CFD tool, OpenFOAM with a SIMPLE algorithm.

This paper is mainly focused on the development of city rail transport system and network in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. This capital city with population of ca. 1.05 million citizens relies only on buses in the topics of public transport. Unfortunately, these vehicles are not as efficient as needed, because of their capacity. In the rush hours they are often delayed and overcrowded, the 88 bus lines are indirect with complicated detours, therefore complicated and unclear. The high number of buses increases everyday congestions on roads. The city tried to solve these problems by their own ideas – BRT and LRT. The first idea (construction of BRT system) was abandoned and the second one (construction of LRT system) may not work as well as the people of Nur-Sultan could wish and use. In order to improve this situation, the analysis of current situation was made. Based on the results, the conceivable solution was purposed – replacing majority of buses with only 5 tram lines. The usage of trams could lead to lowering the number of buses and cars in the streets, thus making transportation faster, more comfortable and ecological.

The aim of the article is to design categories od railway lines and their modifications, so it could be used algorithm for establishment of ideal parameters of railway lines reconstructions that means to find the best group of parameters, which are going to fit the needs of individual connection.

The undeniable advantage of rail systems in general is their ability to accommodate a large volume of passengers. In important nodes, this also entails increased demands on the infrastructure for passengers, especially on the platform, where the currents of boarding and disembarking intersect at the same time, which, in addition to discomfort when travelling, also means time wastage. Currents are more mutually influenced when the flow of passengers is not homogeneous, i.e. when there is a significant variance of values in the speeds of movement of individual entities of pedestrian flow (for example, passengers with reduced mobility, people with large and heavy luggage or tourists unfamiliar with the environment).

The aim of the paper is to set priority of The Fast Connection sections building mentioned above by using the STEM method. This method is used to select projects with the maximum benefit if the budget is limited. There has not been set a limit for individual RS sections as a limitation of financial costs. The decisive factor is the order in which individual RS sections should be built on the basis of evaluation criteria.

An article dealing with the potential of public lighting as an important component for the issue of urban engineering.

The solution of modern transport systems represents a harmony of technology, combining transport, engineering and structural construction with urbanism, architecture and design. The strong uniformity, often of oversized transport structures of the second half of the last century, has led to a misunderstanding of the meaning of transport in the city and the view that transport structures pose a threat to otherwise cultivated urban environments. At the same time, the word "urban" in the designation of public transport does not only mean the definition of the action radio of this transport segment, but also indirectly refers to the urbanity of public transport systems. This is reflected not only in extensively developing settlements, but also affects the environment of existing urban areas. Nowadays, the urban-forming effect of transport constructions is repeatedly neglected. At the same time, transport structures co-create the cultural values ​​of the landscape and the image of cities, and their qualities represent, not only economically, a value that is difficult to quantify. The past three decades, marked by the rise of modern public transport systems, especially rail, in Western Europe, are clear evidence of this. The aim of the paper is to define and describe the characteristic requirements, properties, broader context and influences that affect the solution of public transport hubs not only in terms of operation, but lead to their successful solution in terms of urban planning, architecture as an integral part quality public space.

Determining the conditions for the public transport operation in urban roads is an important part of the developed public transport priority decision-making tool based on the dependence between the quality of public transport operation (cruising speed and reliability) and infrastructure conditions created for public transport in street space. This article presents the results of a case study using the method on line 16, the backbone trolleybus line of the Plzeň public transport system. The aim of the case study was to verify its applicability and determining the direction of further development and calibration of the decision tool itself.

The collection of traffic flow data is one of the key inputs for road transport projects and studies. The composition of the traffic flow, or the categorization of vehicles into specific groups, is also an important characteristic. The paper describes the differences in vehicle categorization not only in terms of the technology used for data collection (manual or automatic counts) but also the heterogeneity in the subsequent application of the collected data on the composition. As a consequence, wrong measures may be proposed that do not match the actual needs simply because it was sized based on the wrong composition of vehicles. In addition to experiences from the Czech environment, foreign approaches are presented.

In 21st century passenger rail transport, in addition to an affordable price for passengers and respect for transport needs, it is necessary to provide comfortable vehicles, otherwise public transport will not attract passengers. In the Czech Republic, where regional rail transport is managed by regions, most regions are aware of this and define the requirements for vehicles and their parameters. However, each region has very different requirements, to different depths of detail. In some cases, it follows the path of completely new vehicles, in others, on the contrary, there are various stages of reconstruction of vehicles previously used both in the Czech Republic and abroad. In the second line, this may interfere with the ability of carriers to purchase a selected type of vehicle according to the requirements of the region, which may not be entirely simple. The aim of this article is to summarize selected facts and experiences of this issue from the Czech Republic, which is now a relatively current topic.

In the Czech Republic there are many an accident with pedestrians and cyclists each year. In the last 5 years, 549 pedestrians lost their lives on the Czech roads. Children, being the most susceptible to fatal repercussions, are no exception. Quite the contrary. In 2019, 23,2 % of accidents with pedestrians involved children. The problems are rooted, among other, in the way children get to school. The parents often drive children to schools and therefore contribute to increasing traffic flow intensities around schools. It is therefore vital to find an optimal solution for the children's safety on their way to school. Before we may find the solution, it is necessary to conduct a thorough inventorisation and analysis of available data sets, evaluate their potential, and identify additional suitable data sets. This is the very topic of this article.

Smart city has several definitions. Typically, it is an alliance of subsystems that have following objectives: improvement of quality of life of citizens, better use of limited resources and best use of existing infrastructure. Transportation as one of the most important subsystems shall be thus understood as one player working together with energy management, economy, eGovernment, and others. Synergy is the key to successful implementation. In order to be able to aim at the joint objective function and any synergy, the different subsystems must “understand” each other. Ontology has been acknowledged to be the most common tool to do that. To prepare an ontology for a domain (for example transportation) is a complicated task. In order to do that in a city, where there are several subsystems with complex behaviour is even more challenging. It is very difficult if not impossible to get experts from different fields to prepare a common ontology. In this paper we address the issue of Smart City Design and propose a pragmatic method to prepare an ontological knowledge system using the knowledge of various expert groups. A new concept, so call a knowledge matrix, is defined and used to enable cooperation of experts from different fields. We believe this can further help in implementation of any smart city projects. In order to demonstrate the approach, transportation domain is used as an example for the ontology design. The approach will be further validated within two case studies that are also introduced within this paper: Smart Evropská street in Prague and within a project Smart City – Smart Region – Smart Community, where a transport behavioristic model is being developed based on the ontology described within this paper.

In the Smart City concept, it is beneficial to have a part of a city ready to use as a testbed (or better yet, a representative sample common for all cities). In this paper we offer a new approach for Smart City testbeds that will help analyze positive and negative consequences and show the opportunities of implementing new technologies. We analyze Smart City testbeds from a system science point of view and consider all important aspects and overlapping environments. By representing a Smart City as a working system of multiple actors or agents, we can achieve equilibrium in such aspects by making sure a proper topography and ontology are described and upheld.

Station buildings are buildings in the area of railway stations intended for the provision of transport and related services to passengers and so far usually also associated with areas for railway traffic control and other railway infrastructure manager’s activities. The major part of the station buildings in the Czech Republic was built during the construction of the relevant railways lines, usually in the second half of the 19th century. Therefore, disposition and size of the railway buildings corresponded to the high share of human labour in the railway traffic control and – on the other hand – the high demands of passengers for services directly related to their carriage by rail transport, further enhanced by the three carriage classes. The role of rail transport was changing in Europe especially at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. There was a massive deployment of modern railway control systems and centralized traffic control, and simultaneously, the types and methods of buying tickets and the regularity of commuting are changing, and interchanging with other modes of transport is more frequent. This corresponds to completely different demands on the equipment, disposition and size of station buildings, which also results from property and organizational changes in rail transport. Thus, what will be the development in the field of tasks that station buildings have to perform from the time of the first railway lines to the present and in the future, and how the requirements for their disposition, size and architectural design corresponded / correspond will be the content of the first large chapter of the paper. It will be possible to determine from the second part of the paper how the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries, especially Germany, are trying to deal with this area. One of the main methodological tools for planning the use and modification of station buildings in the Czech Republic is the Concept of Passenger Station Management.

Each transport infrastructure has a limited capacity in which case it is clear that it may not be able to satisfy all requirements. This fact is especially important for the railway transport infrastructure. The aim is to satisfy such requirements, which will bring as many benefits in the case of their implementation. This paper deals with this issue using the linear optimization method STEM. In several variants, its use shows the results for a theoretical and a real railway line section with regard to the expected traffic requirements in passenger transport on these sections.

The documents follows up on the document "Strategic Framework of Union of Towns and Municipalities of the Czech Republic in the Smart City Field: Analytical Part" stating the basic approach to Smart City for cities of all sizes in multiple principal areas of expertise including transportation and mobility. The document is, among other, divided into areas of expertise. In each individual area of expertise, there is a basic approach as well as the biggest issues to be dealt with.

The methodology was elaborated as a part of the research project of the Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic VI2VS/571, program BV III/1-VS, project VI20172019071 called Analysis of visibility of road users in order to increase their safety at dusk and at night. The aim of the article is to introduce to the professional public the basic principles of the methodology, which extends the methodology of road safety inspection in accordance with EU Directive 2008/96/EC processed by the Transport Research Centre, v.v.i. in 2013 and supplemented by the requirements of the EU Premium Light pro version 3.0 of October 2017.

Each transport route has a limited capacity; but in the case of railway transport, this characteristic is noticeable. This can lead to a situation where there are more requirements to be placed on the transport route than the route can deal with. This paper describes this issue and offers a possible solution for passenger transport. There may be situations where public transport orderers or carriers have requirements that the infrastructure cannot fully satisfy. By using the modified STEM method, it is possible to determine which requirements to comply with in the way that the capacity of the transport route is utilized optimally with maximum benefits. The example is demonstrated in the real part of the railway infrastructure between Plzeň and Žatec in the Czech Republic.

An article dealing with the potential of public lighting as an important component for the issue of urban engineering.

The article deals with the Rail Track Promenade - the route for the motorless traffic (pedestrians, cyclists and in-line skaters) at the disturbed double rail track in Prague Vršovice and Strašnice. The promenade with its three bridges will be surrounded by a line park. In the construction proposal utilization of existing rail transport facilities is included.

The STEp Method (STEM method) is a tool that is primarily used to select a priority of projects that we should implement if we have a limited amount of funds available to implement them, given the fact that we can maximize the benefits by this selection. The method uses the evaluation criteria set by the contracting authority, and its main advantage is the fact that it assigns weights to these criteria based on its calculation. Thus, there is no need to set up an expert team to determine the optimal weights of the individual evaluation criteria. The paper modifies this method in transport research, especially in the field of railway transport. At the Department of Transport Systems of the Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, this method was primarily applied to determine the prioritization of the construction of new tram lines in the territory of Prague. With regard to research within this method, it is further modified and directed to railway issues. The STEM method was thus further adapted to cases of economical use of the capacity of the transport route or determination of priorities for the construction of high-speed railway lines in the Czech Republic (or so-called high-speed connections, which should include sections of high-speed lines). An example of economical use of the capacity of the railway transport route is demonstrated not only theoretically, but also practically on Pilsen - Žatec line (no. 160 in time table 2019/2020), where the optimal model of passenger transport is sought in the suburban section in the Region Pilsen according to this method.

The transport service plan of the city of Kolín has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The transport service plan of the city of Ústí nad Orlicí has been prepared on the basis of Act No. 194/2010 Coll., On public passenger transport services. The aim of the Transport Service Plan is to formulate basic ideas of the city on the development of public passenger transport in its territory. The transport service plan mentions important facts related to transport services, such as demography, geography, road network and the issue of contractual relations. The main emphasis is placed on transport services provided by the city's order, from the point of view of transport quality, transport organization, including the economic and tariff outlook. The practical implementation of the plan is conditioned by a stable economic environment.

The article presents a project which was focused on the topic often discussed by the professional public and the media, which is influencing road safety by advertising facilities. The research was focused mainly on finding out the influence of variable advertising devices on drivers with regard to the growing trend of using LED lighting devices and on the subsequent proposal to modify the legislative framework governing their use. The research has defined generally applicable recommendations. The proposed solutions are based on a combination and synthesis of various methodological approaches, including the location and classification of the occurrence of advertising facilities along the Czech backbone network, statistical evaluation and analysis of traffic accidents, and monitoring of traffic conflicts. The solutions also included psychological analyzes of the impact of the presence of advertising equipment on drivers in real and simulated scenarios, analysis of the number and length and point of view of the driver using eye tracking techniques and the assessment of advertising equipment as a light emitting object. As part of the assessment of direct influence on drivers, test drives focused on real-time distraction tests were carried out using the Wiener Fahrprobe Structured Observation method as well as on an advanced vehicle simulator, where the theory of vehicle simulators and the principle of eyetracking were used. in both real and virtual environments. The aim of these tests was at the same time to verify the applicability of the findings of world research on the specifics of the Czech transport network.

Modern public transport is a basic precondition for the development of sustainable mobility in urban agglomerations. This article will focus on designing public transport stops and stations from different perspectives. Modern public transport needs to be welcomed and accessible to all users, supporting the conditions for a higher share of public transport on modal-split as well as certain social aspects. Stations and stops form an important part of the public space. They are focal points that contribute to developing and bringing life to the public space. All this has an extensive social aspect including quality of living, the inclusion of different population groups as well as economic aspects.

The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. The proper assessment of asphalt binders is a prerequisite to the appropriate designing of road constructions that can eventually result in pavements in which the development of pavement distresses can be mitigated. Rutting is the most common distress occurring at high temperatures, which is frequently experienced by such countries as Indonesia; thus, the use of adequate asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt pavements results in long-lasting road constructions. By means of advanced techniques, e.g., multiple stress creep recovery test, conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer, it is possible to determine the rutting potential of asphalt binders. This technique, however, still seems to be imprecise at currently determined shear stress values. This paper aims to investigate on the example of ten different asphalt binders, if creep and recovery measured at higher shear stresses result in better correlation with rutting potential of hot mix asphalts than that at the standardized stress levels. Concurrently, other conventional asphalt binder properties (e.g., penetration, softening point, elastic recovery) are determined and compared with rutting.

The aim of this article is to find a path to the best algorithm for Establishment of ideal parameters of railway lines reconstructions that means to find the best group of parameters, which are going to fit the needs of individual connection.

The article presents results of testing of influence of design parameters on the road safety at roundabouts. Hypotheses about the influence of particular design parameters on the road safety were created and these were verified using traffic accident and traffic conflict data of roundabouts. This approach can help to define the safe extent of particular design parameters of a roundabout and increase the level of road safety consequently.

The aim of the draft regulation is to change the method of payment of the time fee for the use of toll roads, as well as to change the way of proving and controlling this payment. The present proposal includes a new regulation of the payment of the time fee in relation to the vehicle registration number. It will also be possible to make the payment by wire transfer, via the Internet or mobile applications. Carrying out the payment will be recorded in the vehicle registration system in the time charging system, ie the information system that will be operated by the State Fund for Transport Infrastructure. The report contains an evaluation of the impact of this regulation according to the valid methodology of the Office of the Government of the Czech Republic.

The Faculty of Transportation Sciences of the Czech Technical University in Prague provided a list of 50 dangerous railway crossings on which a safety inspection was carried out. The list was provided to the Central Bohemia Region. The article is focused mainly on recommended systematic measures of the most risky railway crossings which were discussed with practice (the Operation and Organization of Rail Transport and the Regional Road Administration and Maintenance).

The aim of the paper is to prove that the standards for maximum CO2 production per kilometer for cars with internal combustion engines can be achieved with existing technologies. The way is a radical reassessment of car requirements. To prove this hypothesis, we use a dynamic model of vehicle resistance with variable parameters. The conclusion is to evaluate at what cost the cars are able to meet the required standards for CO2 production.

Nowadays it is so important for public transport, especially during check-in, to have quality information about follow-up lines and transfers between lines. Prague is slightly underdeveloped when it comes to smart technologies in public transport, in comparison to other cities in the Czech Republic, such as Ostrava city. Authors of the paper proposed and designed themselves information panel for the interior of the public transport vehicles in Prague, which combines all the benefits of examined systems and adds some benefits as well, for example, there is no need to use your phone for connections. It would react on a current delay of vehicles, it also informs passengers about closures and the proposed system also has a special mode for lines going to the airport.

The aim of the paper is the inclusion of noise issues in the training of transport engineers. In the introduction there are generally mentioned subjects in which the question of noise is solved. The following section presents the instrumentation. The largest space of the paper is devoted to examples of student work. The conclusion brings a summary of the presented topic.

The parameters of transport infrastructure is one (but not only) condition for establishing operational systems when ordering regional railway transport. The quality and quantitative characteristics of the infrastructure determine the extent of railway transport and its form. There are many cases in the Czech Republic where the transport customer would like to modify the line and bring it closer to the requirements of passengers, but infrastructure constraints such as track capacity, line speed or traction do not allow such a change.

The technical parameters of railway infrastructure influence design possibilities of its service concept. It is crucial to achieve the parameters of railway lines that ensure the optimal service concept. Equally important are aspects of cost-effective use of the infrastructure, as well as the appropriate routing of railway lines. The paper discusses selected European experiences and shows the possibilities of achieving the balance of these requirements on other examples.

Air pollution is a topical issue, with a focus on European and global cities. Transport is one of the possible sources of pollution, and therefore many cities are introducing data on transport measures to improve air quality. At the beginning, both smog and smog situations are defined, followed by cases of smog prevention measures in various cities in the Czech Republic and abroad. There are discussed two selected measures, the low-emission zone and the free public transport.

Nowadays the term Smart City is widely used and almost every city aims to become “Smart”. Unfortunately, the definitions of what Smart means differ and there is not a single accepted one. Often a technocratic view is adopted and the actual goal—make city more liveable—is not kept in mind. In this paper, a new approach to initiate and develop Smart City model is provided. A unified model is one way to describe the processes within such complex and heterogeneous system as Smart City. It is based on the similarity to the well-established framework called ITS (Intelligent Transport System) architecture. First, an overview of the Smart City initiatives and key principles that often require change of the way how we think of projects is provided. Further, the objectives and approach to national ITS architectures are described and discussed, mainly aiming on its limitations for the practical use especially in the context of Smart Cities. Finally, this paper provides a guidance on how a Smart City Architecture shall be established to overcome the system complexity and to reduce its dimension in terms of volume of required data flow. The new approach is based on decentralized intelligence, where a number of processes are carried out at the level of so-called building blocks. Multi-agent systems are proposed as a design tool for the particular building blocks.

Provést rešerši opatření evropských metropolí a dalších měst srovnatelných s hl. m. Prahou (min. 10 měst) při vyhlášené smogové situaci, zda při smogové situaci zavádějí "MHD zdarma", výhodnější jízdné či další jiná motivační opatření k využití veřejné dopravy. Součástí rešerše bude obecný popis zjištěných opatření u VHD zaváděná při smogových situacích, u každého případového města pak základní charakteristika města a dopravního systému a popis konkrétních opatření zaváděných ve smogové situaci a jejich parametrů.

The paper is focused on the issue of noise from rail transport, especially on the impact of noise barriers on our settlements and landscape. The article discusses the use of low noise barriers along railway lines. In addition to the theoretical assumptions of the application of this type of noise protection, the outputs of measurements at the track, where a low noise barrier of the Brens Barrier type is implemented, are also mentioned and commented. At the end of the paper there is an example of one of the municipalities where the implementation of a low noise barrier would be appropriate.

The following paper describes a numerical simulation of a complete bypass of a stenosed human artery. The considered geometry consists of the narrowed host tube and the bypass graft with a 45-degree angle of connection. Different diameters of the narrowing are tested. Blood is the fluid with shear rate-dependent viscosity; therefore, various rheology mathematical models for generalized Newtonian fluids are considered, namely Cross model, modified Cross model, Carreau model, and Carreau-Yasuda model. The fundamental system of equations is based on the system of generalized Navier-Stokes equations. Generalized Newtonian fluids flow in a bypass tube is numerically simulated by using a SIMPLE algorithm included in the open-source CFD tool, OpenFOAM. The aim of this work is to compare the numerical results for the different mathematical models of the viscosity with the changing diameter of the narrowed channel.

The aim of this work is to present numerical results of non-Newtonian fluid flow in a model of bypass. Different angle of a connection between narrowed channel and the bypass graft is considered. Several rheology viscosity models were used for the non-Newtonian fluid, namely the modified Cross model and the Carreau-Yasuda model. The results of non-Newtonian fluid flow are compared to the results of Newtonian fluid. The fundamental system of equations is the generalized system of Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible laminar flow. Generalized Newtonian fluids flow in the bypass is numerically simulated by using an open source CFD tool, OpenFOAM.

This work presents the numerical solution of generalized Newtonian fluids in the bypass geometry. The considered geometry consists of the narrowed host tube and the bypass graft with 30, 45, 60 degrees angle of the connection. Two values of the Reynolds number, 100, 200, are tested. The numerical results of non-Newtonian fluids are compared to the results of Newtonian fluids. The governing system of equations is based on the system of balance laws for mass and momentum. Generalized Newtonian fluids flow in the bypass tube is numerically simulated by using SIMPLE algorithm included in OpenFOAM.

The aim of this work is to address currently inconsistent approach to how and how public transport is identified and how to optimize these procedures in order to increase efficiency with an emphasis on interconnection of individual (not only) public transport types.

This paper is mainly focused on the passenger rail public transport systems, which are really important in transport service of the regions. It concentrates on the definitions of the nodal regions. It is possible to observe typical transport relationships in those regions and also fit the public transport offer on main railway axis to these relationships. The paper presents optimization tool for operation of linear railway network. This tool is based on linear mathematic programming. Output of this tool is optimal line routing, which considers typical transport demand and general operational costs of the system.

The paper presents optimization tool for operation of linear railway network. This tool is based on linear mathematic programming. Output of this tool is optimal line routing, which considers typical transport demand and general operational costs of the system. The tool is applied for service optimization of railway line Praha – Rudná u Prahy – Beroun

Travel behavior is certainly an important study area in the field of smart cities. Influencing travel behavior or changing travel patterns (for example by motivating travelers to use alternative travel modes) has the potential to lower congestions and thus significantly affect the quality of life as well as the environment – the key objectives of smart city projects and initiatives.This paper provides a review of existing research into data collection methods dealing with the topic of travel behavior, mainly with changes towards using alternative travel modes. First, a theoretical classification of survey methods is provided. Next, their advantages and limitations are demonstrated on real-world examples. Finally, the findings of this analysis are formulated into recommendations for new research into the potential of smart city measures to influence transport behavior in the Ustí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.

The paper deals with the issue of determining parameters for the selection of the carrier of regional passenger railway transport. With regard to legal standards, either a direct award or a tendering procedure can be used for this case. In 2019, the majority of contracts in the Czech Republic for the provision of transport services by regional rail transport will expire, thus opening the space for concluding new contracts. The topic indirectly follows the contribution from 2018 and monitors the direction of preparations for the upcoming contractual arrangement in regional rail transport in the Czech Republic, what pitfalls have emerged and whether the expectations of customers are being met. The paper discusses the individual options and shows selected examples from some regions, either as motivation or as a warning.

The traffic engineering study for Barrandovský most - Dobříšská area includes an analysis of the documents related to the construction of the Radlice radial, including the opinions of civic associations. One of the key points of the study was a directional traffic survey in the area of both banks of Barrandovský most and Zlíchov, on the basis of which a micro-simulation traffic model was created. The model was created for the future state and in variants with the aim of eliminating the most problematic places in the area. The results of the model and the traffic survey were used to create a map of the critical points and a proposal for soft and hard measures.

The purpose of study is to follow up on the study “Regional Rail Transport Operations in the Moravian-Silesian Region” prepared in spring 2018, which was subsequently discussed and approved by the Moravian-Silesian Region. This document is further expanded, especially on the so-called smart region, ie the possibility of using vehicles with alternative drives and their application on regional rail transport lines of the Moravian-Silesian Region. Based on the findings, the operational files are checked in number and scope (included lines). The study also outlines the basic parameters of vehicles whose specific parameters can only be determined after the basic line service of the regional rail transport in the Moravian-Silesian Region has been established after the end of the existing contractual relations. In conclusion, the study mentions the issue of services in trains and related services in accordance with the requirements of the client.

This document, concerning Smart City and strategic documents from various areas of expertise, describes outputs from an analysis of 33 czech cities, that cover all sizes of cities (considering the population) from the smallest ones to the biggest cities of Czech Republic. Based on this analysis, several basic findings and shortcommings were identified. SWOT Analyses are among the basic outputs for each area of expertise.

This document is a shorter version of "Strategic Framework of Union of Towns and Municipalities of the Czech Republic in the Smart City Field: Strategic part". Here the basic notions and claims covered are covered. Strategic part and Basic claims are both connected to the analytical part and set future course, whigh cities of CR should take.

This article is mainly concerned about the assessment of priorities in the construction of new tram lines in the area of Czech capital Prague. The set of the projects is based on strategic materials of Prague, which were provided by The Prague Institute of Planning and Development (IPR). The main benefit of the article is the assessment of priorities in the construction without asking the experts and with variable budget. To do so the linear multicriterial programming method (STEM) is used.

This paper shows the first knowledge of operation of the turbo-roundabout in the Czech Republic. It shows the main characteristics of this new type of roundabout and wants to compare the differences between turbo-roundabouts in the Czech Republic and in the Netherlands as a mother-land of turbo-roundabouts. The article provides the reader with all known types of turbo-roundabouts, designs, used traffic signs and markings, and comparison of the capacity. The main goal is to emphasize mistakes in the Czech Republic and to show the correct solution for planning turbo-roundabouts to get safety intersection with enough capacity. Analysis shows that there are formed fairly large plugs at following vehicles in both directions at peak periods. Therefore, the authors of this paper proposed a scheme of multilevel road interchange, eliminating conflict points that increase capacity of interchange and ensure the safety of pedestrians.

In last years there were significant investments for improving quality of rail lines out of TEN-T network in the Czech Republic (nationwide railways out of TEN-T network and regional railways), not only in the railway corridors, which are part of TEN-T network. The article focuses on some of these cases and deals with comparison.

This academic year was the third year of the cooperation between Faculty of Transportation Sciences and Faculty of Architecture, CTU in Prague. Both architects and transport engineers are involved in the creation of public spaces. Individual professions have various points of view and their demands differ as well. These can be incompatible – for instance a fluent traffic flow versus an aesthetic value. Mentioned contradictions can be overcome only by a compromise that is based on the dialogue and cooperation. Unfortunately, in the real world the situation is not that easy and the dialogue does not take place as often as it could. Therefore, the cooperation between transport engineers and architects at the university level begun. Students, grouped into mixed teams, solve practical problems. The results represent a design of public spaces with a sense of aesthetics and habitat, which at the same time match their actual needs for transportation. This experience prepares students for future problems and promises high-quality projects for public spaces.

This research report summarizes the existing knowledge of the network of traffic detectors whose data are used in the GLOMODO project. The document describes the data used, as well as detectors that recorded the data. Finally, the procedure of converting data into a form suitable for machine analysis is presented along with errors present in the data.

The paper deals with the search for a system tool for the station and stops localization at rail lines regional significance based on data from the Census 2011 (SLDB), Territorial Analytical Data of the Czech Republic 2014 (ÚAP) and additional information especially from maps. Europe has been dealing with the issue of rail lines regional significance for decades, and each country has approached the question of further existence or non-existence in other ways. In the Czech Republic, this issue has been particularly emphasized at the last twenty years, so in the time this type of transport infrastructure and trains in operation has been in the end of a technical lifetime, and it was necessary to decide what further. The database of municipalities has been tested by correlation, clustering and regression analysis, with the aim of maximizing the number of passengers at the particular station or stop, thus maximizing the overall potential of the rail line for possible reconstruction. In the database, cluster analysis methods estimate static mixture components, DBSCAN and K-means are tested to create clusters of character-like municipalities. The most successful algorithm that determined the resulting shape of clusters is the K-means.The main output of the paper is a summary of recommendations with a decision tree and an equation to maximize the passengers use of a particular train station or stop including recommendations for future data collection.

This paper aims to find the influence of the climate on the travel behavior in various geographical areas of the Czech Republic. The travel behavior is to be represented by the modal split of two main groups of travelers – work commuters and school commuters. The basic geographic areas to be used for the analysis will be the territories of various municipalities. The climate is defined by average annual temperature and average annual precipitation, both from the period 1991 to 2010. Both climatic conditions are available in form of GIS maps (shapefiles), distinguishing areas, where temperature or precipitation are in certain intervals. The modal split in the municipalities is analyzed by the means of Bayesian clustering, which is pointing at clusters of municipalities, where some means of transport are predominant, or their share significantly increases. Locations of the municipalities in the respective clusters will be displayed in GIS maps. The process of clustering is verified by the comparing the resulting clusters in GIS with other map files, such as railway network or topographical map, which are not then used in the further process of finding the influences. The verified clusters are then compared in GIS with the climatic maps, finding the influence of the climatic conditions in the clustered municipalities on the mode choice in these municipalities. Found influence will be used to improve the land use planning process in terms of the transport infrastructure to support the goals of the sustainable mobility.

The quality of public transport traffic includes main two aspects - travel speed and traffic reliability. Assessing the quality of public transport operation can never be limited to adherence to the timetable but must include both aspects. The answer may be to express the quality of public transport traffic using the service level (LOS) method. Although this method is the most well-known transport engineer in the description of traffic flow parameters, it is based on a general principle which has much wider use and can be used effectively in the evaluation of the operation of public transport.

The article presents a new approach to safety level assessment by conducting road safety inspections.

There are a number of ways, methods and practices that are used in practice to assess urban transport systems, either as a whole or its individual components (parameters). The methods used so far do not engage in a comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of the functioning of public transport as a whole, covering a wide range of aspects and parameters. The paper will describe the Model for Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Public Transport Systems, the inputs of which consists of individual components of public transport systems (infrastructure, vehicles, operational parameters, economy, strategy, ecology, social area, marketing and information). The design of the model is based on the multicriterial evaluation of the variants and of the method TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), that was used as the basis for the model.

Currently there are a number of methodologies to describe the properties of asphalt binder characteristic. The authors compare empirical penetration and softening point test with performance tests using a dynamic shear rheometer. The measurement of physical characteristic in accordance with the latest proposed methods and the determination of resistance to aging of asphalt binder is discussed. The aim of the paper is to present correlations of 12 modified bitumen samples prepared from different polymers.

This work examines the study of a complete bypass with a stenosed native artery. The fundamental system of equations is based on the system of Navier-Stokes equations. A Newtonian fluids flow in a bypass tube is numerically simulated by using the open source CFD tool, OpenFOAM and a SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm for numerical solution is used. Numerical tests are conducted on a three dimensional geometry with a circle cross section. Dierent diameters of stenosis are tested and the numerical results for the described model of the bypass geometry are presented and discussed.

The proper functioning of critical points on transport infrastructure is decisive for the entire network. Tunnels and bridges certainly belong to the critical points of the surface transport network, both road and rail. Risk management should be a holistic and dynamic process throughout the entire life cycle. However, the level of risk is usually determined only during the design stage mainly due to the fact that it is a time-consuming and costly process. This paper presents a simplified quantitative risk analysis method that can be used any time during the decades of a tunnel’s lifetime and can estimate the changing risks on a continuous basis and thus uncover hidden safety threats. The presented method is a decision support system for tunnel managers designed to preserve or even increase tunnel safety. The CAPITA method is a deterministic scenario-oriented risk analysis approach for assessment of mortality risks in road tunnels in case of the most dangerous situation – a fire. It is implemented through an advanced risk analysis CAPITA SW. Both, the method as well as the resulting software were developed by the authors’ team.

The traffic engineering study for Barrandovský most - Dobříšská area includes an analysis of the documents related to the construction of the Radlice radial, including the opinions of civic associations. One of the key points of the study was a directional traffic survey in the area of both banks of Barrandovský most and Zlíchov, on the basis of which a micro-simulation traffic model was created. The model was created for the future state and in variants with the aim of eliminating the most problematic places in the area. The results of the model and the traffic survey were used to create a map of the critical points and a proposal for soft and hard measures.

Dynamic interest in cycling transport brings the necessity to design safety cycling infrastructure. In las few years, couple of norms with safety elements have been designed and suggested for the cycling infrastructure. But these were not fully examined. The main parameter of suitable and fully functional transport infrastructure is the evaluation of its safety. Common evaluation of transport infrastructure safety is based on accident statistics. These statistics are suitable for motor vehicle transport but unsuitable for the cycling transport. Cycling infrastructure evaluation of safety is suitable for the traffic conflicts monitoring. The results of this method are fast, based on real traffic situations and can be applied on any traffic situations.

The theme of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Smart City appears increasingly also in transport. The aim of this paper is to provide an approach for evaluation of smart solution in public transport. A solution using combination of dynamic service and the Big Data is described in more detail. This dynamic service is influenced by many parameters and one of them can be the movement of the population. The movement of the population can be monitored through the Big Data.

Prague Integrated Transport Stops and Stations Design Manual was created jointly by ROPID (Prague Public Transport Authority), Prague Institute of Planning and Development and CTU in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences. This paper presents examples of real tram or bus stops in Czechia or Europe and assess these examples from the perspective of the manual. Examples of good and bad practice are shown with accent the complexity of the issue involving not only transport engineering, but also architecture and urbanism.

The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. The proper assessment of asphalt binders is a prerequisite to the appropriate designing of road constructions that can eventually result in pavements in which the development of pavement distresses can be mitigated. Rutting is the most common distress occurring at high temperatures, which is frequently experienced by such countries as Indonesia; thus, the use of adequate asphalt binder in hot mix asphalt pavements results in long-lasting road constructions. By means of advanced techniques, e.g., multiple stress creep recovery test, conducted on a dynamic shear rheometer, it is possible to determine the rutting potential of asphalt binders. This technique, however, still seems to be imprecise at currently determined shear stress values. This paper aims to investigate on the example of ten different asphalt binders, if creep and recovery measured at higher shear stresses result in better correlation with rutting potential of hot mix asphalts than that at the standardized stress levels. Concurrently, other conventional asphalt binder properties (e.g., penetration, softening point, elastic recovery) are determined and compared with rutting.

Kazakhstan is the ninth largest country in the world, with over 18 million inhabitants, and across Europe, it is striving to adapt the education system at its universities to European standards. The Eurasian National University named after Lev Nikolaevich Gumiljov (ENU), according to international standards, is the best university in Kazakhstan based in the capital of Astana. Based on a contract with CTU in Prague for mutual cooperation, I have already completed several short-term stays at its Faculty of Transport and Energy, where I lectured in transportation engineering.

This paper evaluates the possibility of replacing one cycle of long term aging by three cycles of short termageing for four standardized tests. For penetration test and Ring and Balltest, which are used for asphalt standardization in Czech Republicand also for Multiple Stress Creep and Recoveryand Bending Beam Rheometertesting, which are part of Strategic Highway Research Programtesting introduced by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officialsand their results correlates with rheological behaviour of the binder. The tests were performed for non-modified binder as well as for polymer modified binderswit added reactive elastomericpolymer with polyphosphoric acid and for binder wit combination of reactive elastomeric polymerand styrene butadiene styrene polymers with added polyphosphoric acid.

In 2015 the Czech Technical University in Prague carried out a safety inspection on the TEN-T road network in the Czech Republic and on the selected 1st class roads (in the future they are intended to replace the planned TEN-T network). This article is designed to provide a basic overview of the most common problems in terms of both the frequency with which these risks occur and their significance. This article will also present a newly developed web application, CEBASS, which gives road operators an effective and systematic tool to manage the process of solving these problems. The aim of this article is to describe the classification created and used during the safety inspection course, which is better for road operators than the existing methods for safety inspections.

The article deals with the current issue of designing effective ways of traffic managment in the city and using sensory networks in practice. Advanced city management methods allow a more dynamic transit through the city for transit traffic while optimizing the management of individual junctions equipped with light signaling devices in the city. The aim of the article is a brief summary of the specific design and testing of adaptive city management, which was carried out within the framework of a large-scale pilot project in Uherské Hradiště in 2017. The article also provides a comprehensive overview of the results of the pilot project with a focus on the future development and implementation of similar systems cities.

The sustainable use of non-renewable natural resources, such as asphalt binder, can be achieved by adequate planning. In order to achieve persistent road constructions the properties of each constituent layers should accommodate increasing transportation volume demands. Thus, proper assessment of all components the road consists from is a prerequisite to appropriate designing of road constructions. Currently, numerous methodologies exist for describing the properties of the asphalt binders. The value of the residual shear strain, that helps to determine the non-recoverable shear compliance at repeated creep and recovery test, is determined on nine modified and one basic asphalt with approximately the same high critical temperature value of 64 °C (according to the parameter |G*|/sinδ). Repeated creep and recovery test is conducted on all asphalt binders at three testing temperatures of 50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C and five different shear stress levels of 0.1 kPa, 3.2 kPa, 6.4 kPa, 12.8 kPa, and 25.6 kPa, respectively. Besides the repeated creep and recovery test needle penetration, softening point, and elastic recovery test is conducted on each binder. Subsequently, wheel tracking test is conducted on the asphalt mixes, produced from the studied asphalt binders. The aim of the paper is to compare physical and empirical properties of 10 asphalt binders to the rut resistance of asphalt mixes.

The paper is focused on the influence of driving behaviour on fuel consumption and the subsequent environmental impacts. The main issue is to estimate the economic and environmental costs connected with the forced deceleration or stopping and the subsequent acceleration of a motor vehicle in urban traffic. Authors introduce a physical model of a vehicle with variable parameters that allows the calculation of economic and ecological losses in congestions on the basis of data generated by an arbitrary floating car. The losses include the lost kinetic energy of a vehicle during the forced braking, accelerated degradation of vehicle components, the loss of time of drivers and passengers and the increased ecological footprint. Energetic costs are estimated from the vehicle engine efficiency with which the fuel energy is transformed during an acceleration to kinetic energy of a vehicle lost during braking. Further, these costs are estimated from fuel calorific value and fuel price. Costs resulting from the degradation of vehicle components are estimated from their average stated lifetime.

In the article there are described different insufficiencies and flaws increased during building up road bumps on urban roads in build-up areas, and the article is also focused on possible reasons of insufficiencies and flaws in relation to general recommendations for road bumps mentioned in the technical guidelines.

Traffic overload is a pressing problem for many cities nowadays and they are trying to find smart solutions. Therefore cities are introducing traffic control systems that facilitate a more dynamic transit through the city for transit traffic while optimizing the control of individual junctions equipped with light signalling. Evaluation of traffic control parameters is usually based on processing of data from traffic surveys. This article describes the design, implementation and verification of alternative methods of traffic surveys for the comparison of traffic control systems in a case study of Uherské Hradiště. In this city, an extensive pilot project took place in summer and autumn 2017 to test the new algorithm for adaptive traffic control at selected light-controlled junctions of the city. The aim of the designed traffic surveys was to evaluate the parameters of the newly installed traffic control systems and to compare them with the control parameters of the original system.

The railway transportation is a subsystem, which ensures transport accessibility of the regions. This subsystem is mainly suitable for strong transport flows. Its suitability is mainly influenced by following requirements: travel time, comfort, reliability and price. Those requirements are connected with technical parameters of the railway infrastructure and vehicles and traffic conception on particular transport connection. Those demands are often interfering and we have to solve their proper linking. There are many related famous problems: optimal reaching of nodes, setting of optimal stopping policy, particular traffic model on individual parts of the infrastructure, optimal capacity and use of vehicles and parameters of railway infrastructure itself. The article considers all of these problems and their possible solutions in Czech or foreign areas. Second part of the article describes possible problems for another scientific research, that have not been sufficiently researched yet (according to available resources).

The article shows a potential solution of passenger transport concept on the part of The Pilsen Region after the completion of modernization of the railway section between Pilsen and Rokycany. On the part of railway infrastructure in The Region Pilsen after the modernization of the railway section between Pilsen and Rokycany, there are mentioned both the railway sections without the need of conceptional changes and especially the railway sections within the need of crucial changes in the article. The changes are suggested with emphasis on quality transport service. The article also contains a simple evaluation of advantages and disadvantages for passengers.

The dissertation focuses on the systems of public transport for transport services of small territorial units - regions. Mainly concentrates it on the railways and its characteristic delineation in regional transport services of nodal regions and their centres. There is possible to observe the typical transport relations and their properties and to adapt them to the optimal transport offer on the main axes of the railway network, especially in terms of general technological and operational parameters. The results can be also applied to other similar transport systems. The thesis is based on the theoretical, conceptual and practical basis applied in the Czech Republic and foreign examples. It contains a summary of defined railway network features in the Czech Republic, an analysis of characteristic relations in nodal regions, including the appropriate structure of their public transport service. The core of the thesis is the optimization tool for design the linear railway network service, based on the linear mathematical programming model. The output is the theoretically optimal route network taking into account the typical transport demand and the general operating costs of the system. The model is supported by a set of scenarios of operational and technological relations on the linear railway network and verified by examples in the solving software.

Traffic detectors on the road network produce large amounts of data that can be used for traffic engineering purposes or research. However just like any raw data, the data must be pre-processed first. This paper describes the transformation of raw data from a detector output to a format suitable for further analysis. The data is produced by two kinds of detectors installed on Prague main roads. The most common errors encountered are described along with methods how to mitigate them.

The purpose of the study is to propose service sets of lines for regional railway transport tenders in the Moravia-Silesian Region since GVD 2025/26, to analyze them taking into account the demography of the Moravian-Silesian Region and transport flows, to evaluate and give recommendations for operating files.

Všechny kraje, jako objednavatelé regionální železniční dopravy, stojí před zásadními rozhodnutími: Jakým způsobem vybrat dopravce od GVD 2019/2020? Je vhodnější výkony zadat přímo, nebo bude mít větší přínos zahájit soutěžení jednotlivých dopravců? Jak se postavit k novému fenoménu tzv. tržních konzultací, které jsou v podstatě skrytým přímým zadáním? Je tento způsob, který není v rozporu se zákonem a umožňuje objednavatelům zjistit podrobně nabídky jednotlivých dopravců i stejně objektivní k vlastním provozovatelům drážní dopravy? Jak velký rozsah své sítě přidělit jednotlivým dopravcům? Článek popisuje současnou situaci, předkládá variantní přístupy a ve svém závěru se snaží předložit odpověď na otázku, jaký postup a rozsah přidělených výkonů je optimální.

The article introduces interesting fragments of a part of the project focusing on the possibility of affecting the traffic safety by advertising equipment. The solution included, among other things, the localization and the presence classification of advertising equipment along the backbone network of roads in the Czech Republic, statistical evaluation and analysis of traffic accidents or traffic conflicts monitoring, psychological analysis of impact of the presence of advertising equipment, analysis of the number and length and the driver’s gaze using an eye tracking method. In the framework of the assessment of the direct influence on the driver was realized a test drive focused on distraction tests in real operation using the Wiener Fahrprobe structured observation method and the eye tracking technique.

Insufficient parking capacities trouble almost every city today. The demand for parking space is considerably higher than the supply and since creating new parking facilities is economically very challenging, it is important to look for ways to make the most of the existing parking space, especially as on-street parking is regarded. The aim is therefore to apply systems for efficient use of existing parking space, focusing in particular on monitoring the occupancy of parking space and providing the information to drivers. A large-scale pilot project was implemented in Uherské Hradiště in the second half of the year 2017. It involved testing of features and subsystems for parking management as well as monitoring the turnover and occupancy of parking spaces in the city. This article describes the course of the pilot project, the employed detection and action elements of the system and also deals with the evaluation and the outcomes of the pilot testing.

The rutting resistances of eleven modified polymers and one conventional asphalt binder were investigated in this study. All binders studied were modified to obtain a similar performance grade level of close to PG 64-xx. Multiple stress creep recovery tests were conducted on these binders at three different temperatures (50 °C, 60 °C, and 70 °C) and at five different shear stress loadings (0.1 kPa, 3.2 kPa, 6.4 kPa, 12.8 kPa, 25.6 kPa). To investigate which MSCR stress level correlates best with the asphalt binder’s high temperature properties, MSCR test results were compared with the Hamburg wheel-track testing results that were obtained at 60 °C.

CTU in Prague, Faculty of Transportation Sciences in cooperation with Brno University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering in 2016 solved the project "Road Inspection according to Act No. 13/1997 Coll., Section 18m", on roads in the TEN-T network and roads, which replace this network but are not included. Since it is a conceptual tool implemented over a three-year period, further inspections will be carried out in 2019. The research team would like to interpret the possibility of modifying the way of selecting the monitored sites on the basis of past survey experience in the article, in order to achieve a world-wide acceptable level of road safety where it is most desirable.

This academic year was the third year of the cooperation between Faculty of Transportation Sciences and Faculty of Architecture, CTU in Prague. Both architects and transport engineers are involved in the creation of public spaces. Individual professions have various points of view and their demands differ as well. These can be incompatible – for instance a fluent traffic flow versus an aesthetic value. Mentioned contradictions can be overcome only by a compromise that is based on the dialogue and cooperation. Unfortunately, in the real world the situation is not that easy and the dialogue does not take place as often as it could. Therefore, the cooperation between transport engineers and architects at the university level begun. Students, grouped into mixed teams, solve practical problems. The results represent a design of public spaces with a sense of aesthetics and habitat, which at the same time match their actual needs for transportation. This experience prepares students for future problems and promises high-quality projects for public spaces.

The article deals with the description of system modelling of the effects of transport constructions, which leads to evaluation of the utility of these structures. Furthermore, an example of modelling the effects of commissioning the Blanka tunnel complex on traffic in the city of Prague is presented. The current trend is the assessment of transport structures in terms of their sustainability and efficiency. The economic impact assessment is also linked to a traffic quality assessment expressible in a financial equivalent. An example of the Blanka tunnel complex shows how this construction has affected traffic. Partial results of traffic quality changes based on data from strategic traffic detectors are described.

The subject of this paper is to analyse traffic-sociological surveys focused on the attitudes of citizens living in small and medium-sized towns to solve selected traffic problems. The basis for the following research is the data obtained through questionnaire surveys carried out in selected Czech and Moravian towns. Applications are for example a tool for optimal setting of the price for parking in historic centres of towns as well as the suitability of closure of these centres for vehicles or the regulation of entry through its charging.

This paper focuses on issues of transport emissions and their assessment through transport emission models. The article discusses transport pollutants and related emission factors. The paper also deals with transport emissions models, their types and their distribution. Transport emission models are commonly used to predict emissions from transport on a different scale - from the local scale to the urban transport network. The issue is that transport emissions are changing considerably. Emissions depend on traffic patterns, weather conditions, and many other factors. An important role is played by the fleet structure as well as the transport infrastructure. The contribution is also devoted to the question of congestion, respectively the relationship between speed and consumption of fuel. In the end, the possibilities for future development are summarized.

Our research is looking at the travel behaviour from a macroscopic view, taking one municipality as a basic unit. The travel behaviour of one municipality as a whole is becoming one piece of a data in the research of travel behaviour of a larger area, perhaps a country. A data pre-processing is used to cluster the municipalities in groups, which show similarities in their travel behaviour. Such groups can be then researched for reasons of their prevailing pattern of travel behaviour without any distortion caused by municipalities with a different pattern. This paper deals with actual settings of the clustering process, which is based on Bayesian statistics, particularly the mixture model. An optimization of the settings parameters based on correlation of pointer model parameters and relative number of data in clusters is helpful, however not fully reliable method. Thus, method for graphic representation of clusters needs to be developed in order to check their quality. A training of the setting parameters in 2D has proven to be a beneficial method, because it allows visual control of the produced clusters. The clustering better be applied on separate groups of municipalities, where competition of only identical transport modes can be found.

Recommendations for state administration that can be reflected in the draft law (or part of it) formulated from the results of the analyzes performed (foreign and domestic literature and legislation, psychological research, experiments, etc.).

Safety is one of the most important aspects when designing a road tunnel system. Apart from the general design of a road tunnel, different technological safety systems can contribute to increased safety. There is, however, no agreed methodology on how to evaluate such systems prior to their design and installation. In this paper, it is recommended that the time required to detect a fire and warn people about it in the tunnel be used as a quality criterion since it has a direct effect on the probability of saving lives. In their previous paper, the authors proposed a fuzzy system called SAFECALC for effectively evaluating fire sensors and warning systems in tunnels, even in the early design phase. The biggest challenge in designing a fuzzy system is the original identification and calibration of such a system. For that reason, this paper focuses on the identification stage and, using the example of a linear fire sensor, it suggests a new methodology for performing such early level calibration. This methodology consists of several steps and, after the original design of the system, it uses inputs provided by experts in the field (via surveys and brainstorming) for fine tuning of the system. A physical model is used to simulate the propagation of a fire in a tunnel. The results of such the process are then evaluated on a real world case study from Lochkov tunnel near the city of Prague.

In the field of priority measures for buses and trolleybuses, there has been a definite lack of manual or technical conditions for designing them for a long time. The paper presents the final version of the "Design Manual for BUS Priority Measures" - the key output of the PREFOS project, which was elaborated in cooperation with the Prague Integrated Transport.

In the field of priority measures for buses and trolleybuses, there has been a definite lack of manual or technical conditions for designing them for a long time. The paper presents the final version of the "Design Manual for BUS Priority Measures" - the key output of the PREFOS project, which was elaborated in cooperation with the Prague Integrated Transport.

The paper discusses the Russian experience of standardization in the field of sattelite navigation and ITS for motor vehicles. Work on standardization of technical committees of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulating abd Metrology in these fields is describes. Directions of work on harmonization of standards with international standards of ISO and CEN are shown. Experience of the Czech Republic on standardization within CEN and ISO is describes.

This technical report presents evaluation of the Questionnaire study of the project Easy Driving focused on controlling of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems from the point of view of the Human-Machine Interface with the focus on age groups. In the second part we in genral focus on anylsis of ADAS HMI in practise and further the report analyze problematic elements of controlling the Automatic parking system during practical experiment.

Providing a background to monetize the benefits of platforms realized in accordance to valid legislation, as well as an analysis of other benefits whose monetization proves to be unrealistic.

The article is focused on the evaluation of accident rate statistics concerning of TEN-T Network and selected first class roads replacing the planned TEN-T Network.

The subject of the article is to summarize diploma thesis „Evaluation of ways of improving railway line Veselí nad Lužnicí - Jindřichův Hradec“. This thesis tried to find the best possible way of improving the railway line section between Veselí nad Lužnicí and Jindřichův Hradec. All the conclusions from bachelor thesis, which had been made by the author, were summarized in the first part. New operational conception was designed in the next part. Possible solutions were designed in the final part, considering all the previous parts.

Preparation of new high speed railway project became real in the Czech Republic. High speed railway is some of the few options, we have to improve our railway system. It can be really useful to let fresh experiences from the High speed two railway project inspire us. Project HS2 should connect London with northwest of the British island. Initial parts are mainly about railway in Great Britain, later the article is trying to discover similarities between Czech and English high speed railway projects. In the end the experiences from optimal route searching are applied to current Czech high speed railway projects.

The paper first describes high speed rail generally and explains the relationship between high speed and conventional railway networks (according to the vehicle types in operation on the network). The core of the paper is comprised of the methodology for choosing the best route for a railway line and its application to the high speed railway connection Praha – Brno. The Algorithm used assumes the existence of more route proposals, which could be different in terms of the operational conception, line routing or types of vehicles used. The optimal variant is the one with the lowest daily cost, which includes infrastructure and vehicle costs; investment and operational costs. The results from applying this model confirmed the assumption, that a dedicated high speed railway line, only for high speed trains, has the same or lower investment costs than a line for both high speed and conventional trains. Furthermore, a dedicated high line also has a lower cost for infrastructure maintenance but a higher cost for buying high speed multiple units.

The paper first describes high speed rail generally and explains the relationship between high speed and conventional railway networks (according to the vehicle types in operation on the network). The core of the paper is comprised of the methodology for choosing the best route for a railway line and its application to the high speed railway connection Praha – Brno. The Algorithm used assumes the existence of more route proposals, which could be different in terms of the operational conception, line routing or types of vehicles used. The optimal variant is the one with the lowest daily cost, which includes infrastructure and vehicle costs; investment and operational costs. The results from applying this model confirmed the assumption, that a dedicated high speed railway line, only for high speed trains, has the same or lower investment costs than a line for both high speed and conventional trains. Furthermore, a dedicated high line also has a lower cost for infrastructure maintenance but a higher cost for buying high speed multiple units.

The paper presents a methodology for determination and evaluation of the influence of advertising equipment on the road traffic safety. Research is based on analysis of advertisement along the primary road network in the Czech Republic and defines individual measures to resolve identified issues. Proposed solutions are based on combination and synthesis of various methodological approaches, including statistical evaluation and analysis of traffic accidents, monitoring of traffic conflicts, psychological analysis of impact of the presence of advertising equipment on the driver in real and simulated scenarios, analysis of the number and length and the point of driver’s gaze utilizing Eye-tracking techniques and assessment of the advertising equipment as a light emitting object.

This contribution deals with the results of testing a theoretical model for the calculation of slow vehicle travel times using alternative routes, which have been published in the article “A Theoretical Model for the Calculation of Slow Vehicle Travel Times on Designated Routes” intended for “The Transport Means 2016 conference”. It is a summary of field measurements which were carried out on two sections of actual alternative routes in order to verify the model. Also, the development of an application for testing the model is described in the article. The application was designed in such a way as to allow entering and evaluation of proposed alternative routes by means of an intuitive environment. Subsequently, the model was calibrated using the measured values acquired during field research and verified in order to prove its general relevance to the calculation of travel times.

The outputs of many large EU research projects that are aimed at improving life in cities and that of their residents, such as those funded under the Horizon 2020 programme, are often delivered by technology-oriented partners or research institutions that, although they are often a part of a heterogeneous consortia, may not be aware of the real-life dimension of the problem they are solving. This could be particularly troublesome in case a holistic solution should be delivered and is especially valid in case of Smart Cities related problems. In this paper we are proposing a methodology to overcome this issue while using the example of a real Horizon 2020 project MAVEN – Managing Automated Vehicles Enhances Network. The methodology is based on the system engineering approach and its application is illustrated on the first MAVEN stakeholder consultation workshop including its evaluation using the online tool Mentimeter. The proposed template can be used in other EU projects.

The article shows results of master's thesis Increasing of Railways Importance for Transport Service in Rokycany Region, which was successfully defended before a committee at CTU in Prague Faculty of Transportation Sciences in June 2016. The master's thesis focuses on complex view how to solve transport service in Rokycany region. The master's thesis clearly identifies the worst weaknesses of transport service in the region and suggests a complex system of transport service for the whole area, which should bring an increase of railways importance in the region.

The article describes the potential for capacity increase of a highway section with use of intelligent transport systems. The implemetation results in significant reduction of congestion and accident rate decrease on a highway. It is referring to the first linear control project in the Czech Republic implemented on the automobile ring road around Prague.

The paper deals with the influence of scattered vegetation on the stability of the landscape system. The introduction mentions basic functions of vegetation in the landscape. The next chapter describes environmental stability. The main part of this paper is the proposal of a coefficient of influence of scattered vegetation. For clarity, this part is supplemented by the graphical output. In the end, the values of this coefficient are mentioned.

The goal of the research is to perform a macroscopic analysis of the modal split in all municipalities of the Czech Republic, based on the available data. The focus will be on periodically repeated travels to work and school. These travels have the largest share among all realized travels. Geographic segmentation of the analyzed data will allow carrying out targeted application of conclusions resulting from the analysis per each municipality or group of municipalities. Applications which may by verified by the research are for example a system of prioritization of support of different transport modes in each area or sensitivity analysis of modal split and particular transport mode support mechanism. The research has shown so far, that the transport modes Train and Urban Public Transport show very strong complementarity and that there is a high competition between the transport mode BUS on one side and the mutually supplementing modes Train and Urban Public Transport on the other side. On the other hand, competition of the transport mode Passenger Car with the mutually supplementing modes Train and Urban Public Transport is negligible, however at the same time, there is a high competition of transport mode Passenger Car and sole transport mode of Urban Public Transport.

The report describes an application of a citywide model that was created in other parts of the project on quantitative scoring of traffic quality on a network of 108 strategic detectors. To acquire data on changes of traffic quality the traffic parameters are evaluated from a couple of weeks before and after commissioning Blanka tunnel complex. All detectors have traffic quality classification introduced which is transformed into fuel consumption and queue length assessment. Proposed procedures will allow in future to score in real time costs of transport on a network of detectors.

Expected growth in transportation require an efficient and high-performing infrastructure. The increase in traffic loads results in faster development of rutting and other permanent deformation of the asphalt layers in road constructions. Polymer modification helps significantly to improve both low and high temperature performance of base asphalt binders, thus it extends the lifetime of asphalt roads as well. There are many tests which help to distinguish the difference between the asphalt binders. So far, Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCR) showed the most significant correlation between the rutting performance of the asphalt mixture and the binder itself. Non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr), percentage recovery (% R), and stress sensitivity parameter (Jnr, diff) indicate the rut resistance of a binder. Each of these parameters is estimated at two loading stresses: 0.1 kPa, 3.2 kPa determined by AASHTO MP 19. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and discuss the results of the MSCR testing carried out at higher applied shear stress levels than those defined by AASHTO MP 19.

Paper presents the results of úedestrian walking speed measurements at railway stations on access routes and boarding and exit speed of passangers. Measured data are aplicated on examples of specific railway stations cases.

This paper is dealing with improving the railway transport on axis Děčín - Rumburk. This journey can be undertaken in two possible ways (as an interstate one or an international one through Germany), however the connections between trains are limited (especially problematic is the Rumburk junction, where the connection would be desired). The aim of this paper is to improve the connections in the whole area, in order to reach the maximal effectiveness of a railway passenger transport.

This paper is dealing with improving the railway transport on axis Děčín - Rumburk. This journey can be undertaken in two possible ways (as an interstate one or an international one through Germany), however the connections between trains are limited (especially problematic is the Rumburk junction, where the connection would be desired). The aim of this paper is to improve the connections in the whole area, in order to reach the maximal effectiveness of a railway passenger transport.

Quality of public transport stops and stations definitely is a part of quality of whole public transport system. Prague Integrated Transport Stops and Stations Design Manual summarizes principles and rules of designing public transport stops, stations and transfer nodes. The book is not a technical standard. It contains clear and instructive guidelines describing in particular the principles and rules for the design of tram and bus stops, urban and suburban train stations and public transport transfer nodes. The issue is viewed from the point of view of the passenger, public transport operation, public spaces and urbanism. The book is based on modern approaches, as well as the experience of their design, operation and maintenance. Rules and principles are complemented by numerous examples of bad-practice and good-practice. Although the primary objective of the document is to increase the quality of stops and points within Prague Integrated Transport, the principles described are universally valid and applicable in any public transport system.

The quality of public transport operation includes both travel speed and traffic reliability aspects. The aim of this paper is to present a possibility of expressing the quality of public transport using the Level of Service method. Although this method is the most well-known transport engineer in describing traffic flow parameters, it is based on a general principle which has much wider use and can be effectively used in the evaluation of the operation of public transport.

Priority measures have positive effects for certain aspects of public transport operation. The aim of the article is to describe the potential of time savings and quantify positive effects of public transport priority measures. The main contribution of this article is a comprehensive description of how to assess the time savings potential with a subsequent calculation of its economic value. This may subsequently be an input into the cost-benefit evaluation of public transport priority.

Paper shows real solutions examples of rail transport infrastructure and vehicles in the cities of Leipzig, Halle and Chemnitz in Germany. Selected transport infrastructure solutions (stops, transfer points, priority measures, etc.) are presented on photos with an emphasis on their possible application in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic.

Paper shows real solutions examples of rail transport infrastructure and vehicles in the cities of Leipzig, Halle and Chemnitz in Germany. Selected transport infrastructure solutions (stops, transfer points, priority measures, etc.) are presented on photos with an emphasis on their possible application in the Slovak Republic and the Czech Republic.

Paper follows the VOD 2011 and VOD 2014, which focused on increasing attractiveness of regional railway transport and possibilities of its use for urban and suburban relations. Following the VOD 2011 describe the paper progress of the railway line PID S6 Praha - Rudná u Prahy - Beroun. Paper focus on the track construction, the location of new stops, operational concept and practical impact of these measures on number of passengers.

The article presents the results of a study on the optimization of the existing traffic patterns and reduce carbon emissions from road transport in the city of Orel for example a particular intersection. The characteristic of object of research, the monitoring of the transport stream parameters and operation modes of traffic lights on the basis of which the calculation of the amount of emissions of co at the intersection. The result of this research are recommendations to change the organization of traffic to reduce the impact of transport on the atmosphere and ensure traffic safety at this intersection.

The aim of the safety inspection is to assess the safety level on roads D4, D7 a I/4, which are superintended by ŘSD ČR Závod Praha.

One of the basic ideas in the field of smart cities is inter-connectivity. Proposed solutions must put together solutions from different fields (sensors, transportation, economy, legislation, energy, IT and many others) and integrate them in order to serve the citizens needs and to ensure sustainability. Additionally this is not done once by buying certain technological tools, but it must be an ongoing process. Thus, not only technological view, but also social aspects must be integrated into services aiming on improvement of the quality of life and sustainability. This is in general a very difficult task, not addressed well by existing methodologies or real world projects. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem. First, we propose an alternate way of demonstrating the expected outcome of a solution for smart cities. It aims at addressing scenarios from the perspective of the end users rather than ”just” providing an overview of technology and its capabilities as it is mainly done in the technological companies serving as a solution provider. While this is a small change, it has big effect from the customer (municipality) perspective as they can better support the effects on the end users. Second, this paper demonstrates SMACEF - SMArt City Evaluation Framework. This is a modeling tool suitable for evaluation of Smart City Initiatives. On an example of an important square (Charles Square) in Prague, the capital city of the Czech republic, certain buildings blocks, and their interconnections and the possible effects are discussed.

The paper attempts to explain the impacts of large transport structures on the traffic quality and urban environment, in terms of the sustainability of these structures in the long term decades. Such effects can be expressed e.g. via travel time and speed, the length of congestions and time delays, number of stoppings, fuel consumption, location and amount of pollutants produced. The rating is based on the application of mathematical models working with data measured throughout the city, using strategic detectors and floating cars, or test drives. One of the models is the estimation of fuel overconsumption due to reduced travel speed e.g. in congestions, as well as a model determining the delay costs due to traffic situation. Models and measurement data enable to compare the situation before the construction and after implementation of the structures. The method is demonstrated in the case of the Blanka tunnel complex on City Ring Road, which was opened in September 2015.

In this paper, a pragmatic and goal oriented system for risk analysis in road tunnels is described. It is particularly focusing on mortality risks in case of a road tunnel accident. It is a deterministic approach combining three major components: a) vehicle distribution in a tunnel; b) smoke propagation in case of a fire; and c) people evacuation (escape) component. The major improvement of this approach is in capturing the knowledge often provided only by experts into a robust and pragmatic system available to all decision makers. This is achieved through a large number of scenarios combining different configurations of road tunnels (e.g. different number of lanes, different speed limits) and the travel demand (e.g. different structure of the flow, different volumes of traffic) which were prepared and evaluated through microscopic traffic simulation. The resulting scenarios with the information about the number of vehicles in different tunnel sections were obtained. The results describe most of the existing tunnels and situations and can be used universally. Similarly, the people evacuation component can be evaluated in a general form. The results can be manually updated to suit any particular road tunnel which can differ for example by the availability or quality of warning and information systems. The remaining task is to create a physical model of the real tunnel and to model the smoke and fire propagation. All these components were combined into the CAPITA software that was developed as a part of the research project HADES (supported by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic). The CAPITA software is presented in the last chapter of this paper. The scenarios available off-line are in fact a knowledge base available to experts as well as decision makers and lead to a higher level of comprehension of the developments in case of fire and significantly speed up preparation of a risk analysis.

Analysis the situation of railway carriers market in order to estimate potential candidates for participation in tendering. Analysis of the Pilsen region in sense of railway transport in order to determine units meaningful to tender, to objectively evaluate different options from different angles of view and to make a final recommendation.

The paper is focused on the influence of driving fluency on fuel consumption and the subsequent environmental impacts. The main issue is to estimate the economic and environmental costs in the case of forced deceleration or stopping and subsequent acceleration of a motor vehicle in urban traffic. The costs include the lost kinetic energy of a vehicle during the forced braking, fading of its components, the loss of time of drivers and passengers, and the increased ecological footprint. Energetic costs are estimated from the vehicle motor efficiency, fuel calorific value and fuel price. Costs resulting from the fading of vehicle components are estimated from their average stated lifetime. Economical costs caused by the lost time are estimated from the average GDP per capita and hour. Finally, the results are applied to a specific transport situation in Prague.

The article shows interesting German solutions in regional, suburban and urban rail systems which are very inspirational for future development in the Czech Republic. Firstly, the article focuses on light rail systems, especially on mixed operation and the dual-system approach. It shows an example of well-developed light rail system in the city of Karlsruhe and its neighbourhood. Secondly, the article deals with the topic of regional rail system in Bavaria and describes an example of a regional railway line Viechtach – Gotteszell where the regular operation was renewed.

Last year, the Transport Faculty of the Czech Technical University conducted a research project aimed at the advertising devices impact on the road traffic safety. This paper describes the project mentioned focusing at the advertising devices including the dynamic ones located in the direct road closeness and presents the project executors´ recognitions. The outputs of selected risk road sections including traffic accident analysis and traffic collisions observations are in this paper mentioned in details. In the frames of the psycho- logical analysis, which formed an indispensable part of the project, test travels in actual traffic were realized as well as those at a driving simulator.

In 2015, CTU in Prague the Faculty of Transportation Sciences carried out a road safety inspection on the TEN-T network in the Czech Republic and on selected high classes roads replacing the planned TEN-T network. The article focuses on a basic overview of the most frequent deficits, both in terms of frequency and severity of risks. The aim of this contribution is to explain the classification used in the different risk categories that were generated during the safety inspection evaluation and has more appropriate character for the traffic managers compared to the current methodology of road safety inspections.

This research report describes utilization of floating vehicles for traffic flow parameter measurement. A floating vehicle is equipped with a locator and records detailed characteristics of the ride. Floating vehicles have repeatedly driven through the tunnels of City ring road and on alternative surface routes. Savings of more comfortable ride underground are quantified in a financial equivalent.

The Czech Technical University in Prague carried out a safety inspection on the TEN-T network in the Czech Republic in 2015, as well as on selected 1st class roads, which are intended to replace the planned TEN-T network. The contribution focuses on the basic overview of the most common problems and at the same time on a newly developed web application CEBASS, which gives road operators an effective and systematic tool to manage the process of solving these problems. It describes the classification developed during the safety inspection, which is better suited for carrying out safety inspections compared to the conventional method.

The paper is focused on vegetation along transport routes. The introduction mentions the short history of planting of greenery along roads. The following part describes the benefits of green spaces and their landscaping function. The second part deals with the issue of traffic safety. Graphs and tables summarizing statistics on traffic accidents from 2010 to 2015 demonstrate the relationship between trees and traffic accidents. The chapter devoted to the discussion of the topic deals with the outputs of the first two parts in more detail. The conclusion brings a final summary and recommendations.